Author: The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group

# Vulkan® 1.4.350 - A Specification (with all registered extensions)

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.4.350, 2026-05-14 02:53:14Z
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## 38. Sparse Resources

As documented in Resource Memory Association, `VkBuffer` and `VkImage` resources in Vulkan must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object. This binding must be done before the resource is used, and the binding is immutable for the lifetime of the resource.

Sparse resources relax these restrictions and provide these additional features:

- Sparse resources can be bound non-contiguously to one or more `VkDeviceMemory` allocations.

- Sparse resources can be re-bound to different memory allocations over the lifetime of the resource.

- Sparse resources can have descriptors generated and used orthogonally with memory binding commands.

### 38.1. Sparse Resource Features

Sparse resources have several features that must be enabled explicitly at resource creation time. The features are enabled by including bits in the `flags` parameter of VkImageCreateInfo or VkBufferCreateInfo. Each feature also has one or more corresponding feature enables specified in VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures.

- The `sparseBinding` feature is the base, and provides the following capabilities:

  - Resources can be bound at some defined (sparse block) granularity.

  - The entire resource must be bound to memory before use regardless of regions actually accessed.

  - No specific mapping of image region to memory offset is defined, i.e. the location that each texel corresponds to in memory is implementation-dependent.

  - Sparse buffers have a well-defined mapping of buffer range to memory range, where an offset into a range of the buffer that is bound to a single contiguous range of memory corresponds to an identical offset within that range of memory.

  - Requested via the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT and VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT bits.

  - A sparse image created using VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT (but not VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT) supports all formats that non-sparse usage supports, and supports both VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL and VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR tiling.

- Sparse Residency builds on (and requires) the `sparseBinding` feature. It includes the following capabilities:

  - Resources do not have to be completely bound to memory before use on the device.

  - Images have a prescribed sparse image block layout, allowing specific rectangular regions of the image to be bound to specific offsets in memory allocations.

  - Consistency of access to unbound regions of the resource is defined by the absence or presence of `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties`::`residencyNonResidentStrict`. If this property is present, accesses to unbound regions of the resource are well defined and behave as if the data bound is populated with all zeros; writes are discarded. When this property is absent, accesses are considered safe, but reads will return undefined values.

  - Requested via the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT and VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT bits.

  - Sparse residency support is advertised on a finer grain via the following features:

    - The `sparseResidencyBuffer` feature provides support for creating `VkBuffer` objects with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

    - The `sparseResidencyImage2D` feature provides support for creating 2D single-sampled `VkImage` objects with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

    - The `sparseResidencyImage3D` feature provides support for creating 3D `VkImage` objects with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

    - The `sparseResidency2Samples` feature provides support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 2 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

    - The `sparseResidency4Samples` feature provides support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 4 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

    - The `sparseResidency8Samples` feature provides support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 8 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

    - The `sparseResidency16Samples` feature provides support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 16 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

      Implementations supporting `sparseResidencyImage2D` are only required to support sparse 2D, single-sampled images. Support for sparse 3D and MSAA images is optional and can be enabled via `sparseResidencyImage3D`, `sparseResidency2Samples`, `sparseResidency4Samples`, `sparseResidency8Samples`, and `sparseResidency16Samples`.

  - A sparse image created using VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT supports all non-compressed color formats with power-of-two element size that non-sparse usage supports. Additional formats may also be supported and can be queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties. VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR tiling is not supported.

- The `sparseResidencyAliased` feature provides the following capability that can be enabled per resource:

  Allows physical memory ranges to be shared between multiple locations in the same sparse resource or between multiple sparse resources, with each binding of a memory location observing a consistent interpretation of the memory contents.

  See Sparse Memory Aliasing for more information.

### 38.2. Sparse Buffers and Fully-Resident Images

Both `VkBuffer` and `VkImage` objects created with the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT or VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT bits can be thought of as a linear region of address space. In the `VkImage` case if VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT is not used, this linear region is entirely opaque, meaning that there is no application-visible mapping between texel location and memory offset.

Unless VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT or VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT are also used, the entire resource must be bound to one or more `VkDeviceMemory` objects before use.

#### 38.2.1. Sparse Buffer and Fully-Resident Image Block Size

The sparse block size in bytes for sparse buffers and fully-resident images is reported as `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment`. `alignment` represents both the memory alignment requirement and the binding granularity (in bytes) for sparse resources.

### 38.3. Sparse Partially-Resident Buffers

`VkBuffer` objects created with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT bit allow the buffer to be made only partially resident. Partially resident `VkBuffer` objects are allocated and bound identically to `VkBuffer` objects using only the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT feature. The only difference is the ability for some regions of the buffer to be unbound during device use. After creating a `VkBuffer` with VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT, the entire buffer region is considered unbound.

### 38.4. Sparse Partially-Resident Images

`VkImage` objects created with the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT bit allow specific rectangular regions of the image called sparse image blocks to be bound to specific ranges of memory. This allows the application to manage residency at either image subresource or sparse image block granularity. Each image subresource (outside of the mip tail) starts on a sparse block boundary and has dimensions that are integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block. After creating a `VkImage` with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT, all image subresources are considered unbound.

Note | Applications can use these types of images to control LOD based on total memory consumption. If memory pressure becomes an issue the application can unbind and disable specific mipmap levels of images without having to recreate resources or modify texel data of unaffected levels. The application can also use this functionality to access subregions of the image in a “megatexture” fashion. The application can create a large image and only populate the region of the image that is currently being used in the scene.

#### 38.4.1. Accessing Unbound Regions

The following member of `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` affects how data in unbound regions of sparse resources are handled by the implementation:

- `residencyNonResidentStrict`

If this property is not present, reads of unbound regions of the image will return undefined values. Both reads and writes are still considered safe and will not affect other resources or populated regions of the image.

If this property is present, all reads of unbound regions of the image will behave as if the region was bound to memory populated with all zeros; writes will be discarded.

Image operations performed on unbound memory may still alter some component values in the natural way for those accesses, e.g. substituting a value of one for alpha in formats that do not have an alpha component.

Example: Reading the alpha component of an unbacked VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM image will return a value of 1.0f.

If a value was previously written to the same unbound sparse memory location in the same shader invocation, that value may be returned instead; using the `VolatileTexel` image operand, the `Volatile` memory semantic, or the `Volatile` decoration to load the value will prevent prior stored values from being returned.

Note | Getting the value of the previous store is possible as implementations are free to optimize multiple accesses in the general case. There are other ways this can be prevented, but using volatile loads is by far the simplest.

See Physical Device Enumeration for instructions for retrieving physical device properties.

Implementor’s Note

For implementations that cannot natively handle access to unbound regions of a resource, the implementation may allocate and bind memory to the unbound regions. Reads and writes to unbound regions will access the implementation-managed memory instead.

Given that the values resulting from reads of unbound regions are undefined in this scenario, implementations may use the same physical memory for all unbound regions of multiple resources within the same process.

#### 38.4.2. Mip Tail Regions

Sparse images created using VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT (without also using VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT) have no specific mapping of image region or image subresource to memory offset defined, so the entire image can be thought of as a linear opaque address region. However, images created with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT do have a prescribed sparse image block layout, and hence each image subresource must start on a sparse block boundary. Within each array layer, the set of mip levels that have a smaller size than the sparse block size in bytes are grouped together into a mip tail region.

If the VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT flag is present in the `flags` member of `VkSparseImageFormatProperties`, for the image’s `format`, then any mip level which has dimensions that are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block, and all subsequent mip levels, are also included in the mip tail region.

The following member of `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` may affect how the implementation places mip levels in the mip tail region:

- `residencyAlignedMipSize`

Each mip tail region is bound to memory as an opaque region (i.e. must be bound using a VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo structure) and may be of a size greater than or equal to the sparse block size in bytes. This size is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of the sparse block size in bytes.

An implementation may choose to allow each array-layer’s mip tail region to be bound to memory independently or require that all array-layer’s mip tail regions be treated as one. This is dictated by VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT in `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements`::`flags`.

The following diagrams depict how VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT and VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT alter memory usage and requirements.

Figure 22. Sparse Image

In the absence of VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT and VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT, each array layer contains a mip tail region containing texel data for all mip levels smaller than the sparse image block in any dimension.

Mip levels that are as large or larger than a sparse image block in all dimensions can be bound individually. Right-edges and bottom-edges of each level are allowed to have partially used sparse blocks. Any bound partially-used-sparse-blocks must still have their full sparse block size in bytes allocated in memory.

Figure 23. Sparse Image with Single Mip Tail

When VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT is present all array layers will share a single mip tail region.

Figure 24. Sparse Image with Aligned Mip Size

Note | The mip tail regions are presented here in 2D arrays simply for figure size reasons. Each mip tail is logically a single array of sparse blocks with an implementation-dependent mapping of texels or compressed texel blocks to sparse blocks.

When VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT is present the first mip level that would contain partially used sparse blocks begins the mip tail region. This level and all subsequent levels are placed in the mip tail. Only the first N mip levels whose dimensions are an exact multiple of the sparse image block dimensions can be bound and unbound on a sparse block basis.

Figure 25. Sparse Image with Aligned Mip Size and Single Mip Tail

Note | The mip tail region is presented here in a 2D array simply for figure size reasons. It is logically a single array of sparse blocks with an implementation-dependent mapping of texels or compressed texel blocks to sparse blocks.

When both VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT and VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT are present the constraints from each of these flags are in effect.

#### 38.4.3. Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes

Standard sparse image block shapes define a standard set of dimensions for sparse image blocks that depend on the format of the image. Layout of texels or compressed texel blocks within a sparse image block is implementation-dependent. All currently defined standard sparse image block shapes are 64 KB in size.

For block-compressed formats (e.g. VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK), the texel size is the size of the compressed texel block (e.g. 128-bit for `BC5`) thus the dimensions of the standard sparse image block shapes apply in terms of compressed texel blocks.

Note | For block-compressed formats, the dimensions of a sparse image block in terms of texels can be calculated by multiplying the sparse image block dimensions by the compressed texel block dimensions.

Table 53. Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample)
TEXEL SIZE (bits) | Block Shape (2D) | Block Shape (3D)
--- | --- | ---
8-Bit | 256 × 256 × 1 | 64 × 32 × 32
16-Bit | 256 × 128 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 32
32-Bit | 128 × 128 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 16
64-Bit | 128 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 16 × 16
128-Bit | 64 × 64 × 1 | 16 × 16 × 16

Table 54. Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (MSAA)
TEXEL SIZE (bits) | Block Shape (2X) | Block Shape (4X) | Block Shape (8X) | Block Shape (16X)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
8-Bit | 128 × 256 × 1 | 128 × 128 × 1 | 64 × 128 × 1 | 64 × 64 × 1
16-Bit | 128 × 128 × 1 | 128 × 64 × 1 | 64 × 64 × 1 | 64 × 32 × 1
32-Bit | 64 × 128 × 1 | 64 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 1
64-Bit | 64 × 64 × 1 | 64 × 32 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 1 | 32 × 16 × 1
128-Bit | 32 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 1 | 16 × 32 × 1 | 16 × 16 × 1

Implementations that support the standard sparse image block shape for all formats listed in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample) and Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (MSAA) tables may advertise the following `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties`:

- `residencyStandard2DBlockShape`

- `residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape`

- `residencyStandard3DBlockShape`

Reporting each of these features does not imply that all possible image types are supported as sparse. Instead, this indicates that no supported sparse image of the corresponding type will use custom sparse image block dimensions for any formats that have a corresponding standard sparse image block shape.

#### 38.4.4. Custom Sparse Image Block Shapes

An implementation that does not support a standard image block shape for a particular sparse partially-resident image may choose to support a custom sparse image block shape for it instead. The dimensions of such a custom sparse image block shape are reported in `VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity`. As with standard sparse image block shapes, the size in bytes of the custom sparse image block shape will be reported in `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment`.

Custom sparse image block dimensions are reported through `vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties` and `vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements`.

An implementation must not support both the standard sparse image block shape and a custom sparse image block shape for the same image. The standard sparse image block shape must be used if it is supported.

#### 38.4.5. Multiple Aspects

Partially resident images are allowed to report separate sparse properties for different aspects of the image. One example is for depth/stencil images where the implementation separates the depth and stencil data into separate planes. Another reason for multiple aspects is to allow the application to manage memory allocation for implementation-private metadata associated with the image. See the figure below:

Figure 26. Multiple Aspect Sparse Image

Note | The mip tail regions are presented here in 2D arrays simply for figure size reasons. Each mip tail is logically a single array of sparse blocks with an implementation-dependent mapping of texels or compressed texel blocks to sparse blocks.

In the figure above the depth, stencil, and metadata aspects all have unique sparse properties. The per-texel stencil data is ¼ the size of the depth data, hence the stencil sparse blocks include 4 × the number of texels. The sparse block size in bytes for all of the aspects is identical and defined by `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment`.

##### Metadata

The metadata aspect of an image has the following constraints:

- All metadata is reported in the mip tail region of the metadata aspect.

- All metadata must be bound prior to device use of the sparse image.

### 38.5. Sparse Memory Aliasing

By default sparse resources have the same aliasing rules as non-sparse resources. See Memory Aliasing for more information.

`VkDevice` objects that have the `sparseResidencyAliased` feature enabled are able to use the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT flags for resource creation. These flags allow resources to access physical memory bound into multiple locations within one or more sparse resources in a data consistent fashion. This means that reading physical memory from multiple aliased locations will return the same value.

Care must be taken when performing a write operation to aliased physical memory. Memory dependencies must be used to separate writes to one alias from reads or writes to another alias. Writes to aliased memory that are not properly guarded against accesses to different aliases will have undefined results for all accesses to the aliased memory.

Applications that wish to make use of data consistent sparse memory aliasing must abide by the following guidelines:

- All sparse resources that are bound to aliased physical memory must be created with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT / VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT flag.

- All resources that access aliased physical memory must interpret the memory in the same way. This implies the following:

  - Buffers and images cannot alias the same physical memory in a data consistent fashion. The physical memory ranges must be used exclusively by buffers or used exclusively by images for data consistency to be guaranteed.

  - Memory in sparse image mip tail regions cannot access aliased memory in a data consistent fashion.

  - Sparse images that alias the same physical memory must have compatible formats and be using the same sparse image block shape in order to access aliased memory in a data consistent fashion.

Failure to follow any of the above guidelines will require the application to abide by the normal, non-sparse resource aliasing rules. In this case memory cannot be accessed in a data consistent fashion.

Note | Enabling sparse resource memory aliasing can be a way to lower physical memory use, but it may reduce performance on some implementations. An application developer can test on their target HW and balance the memory / performance trade-offs measured.

### 38.6. Sparse Resource Implementation Guidelines (Informative)

This section is Informative. It is included to aid in implementors’ understanding of sparse resources.

Device Virtual Address

The basic `sparseBinding` feature allows the resource to reserve its own device virtual address range at resource creation time rather than relying on a bind operation to set this. Without any other creation flags, no other constraints are relaxed compared to normal resources. All pages must be bound to physical memory before the device accesses the resource.

The `sparseResidency` features allow sparse resources to be used even when not all pages are bound to memory. Implementations that support access to unbound pages without causing a fault may support `residencyNonResidentStrict`.

Not faulting on access to unbound pages is not enough to support `residencyNonResidentStrict`. An implementation must also guarantee that reads after writes to unbound regions of the resource always return data for the read as if the memory contains zeros. Depending on any caching hierarchy of the implementation this may not always be possible.

Any implementation that does not fault, but does not guarantee correct read values must not support `residencyNonResidentStrict`.

Any implementation that cannot access unbound pages without causing a fault will require the implementation to bind the entire device virtual address range to physical memory. Any pages that the application does not bind to memory may be bound to one (or more) "`placeholder" physical page(s) allocated by the implementation. Given the following properties:

- A process must not access memory from another process

- Reads return undefined values

It is sufficient for each host process to allocate these placeholder pages and use them for all resources in that process. Implementations may allocate more often (per instance, per device, or per resource).

Binding Memory

The byte size reported in `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` must be greater than or equal to the amount of physical memory required to fully populate the resource. Some implementations require “holes” in the device virtual address range that are never accessed. These holes may be included in the `size` reported for the resource.

Including or not including the device virtual address holes in the resource size will alter how the implementation provides support for `VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo`. This operation must be supported for all sparse images, even ones created with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- If the holes are included in the size, this bind function becomes very easy. In most cases the `resourceOffset` is simply a device virtual address offset and the implementation can easily determine what device virtual address to bind. The cost is that the application may allocate more physical memory for the resource than it needs.

- If the holes are not included in the size, the application can allocate less physical memory than otherwise for the resource. However, in this case the implementation must account for the holes when mapping `resourceOffset` to the actual device virtual address intended to be mapped.

Note | If the application always uses `VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo` to bind memory for the non-tail mip levels, any holes that are present in the resource size may never be bound. Since `VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo` uses texel locations to determine which device virtual addresses to bind, it is impossible to bind device virtual address holes with this operation.

Binding Metadata Memory

All metadata for sparse images have their own sparse properties and are embedded in the mip tail region for said properties. See the Multiaspect section for details.

Given that metadata is in a mip tail region, and the mip tail region must be reported as contiguous (either globally or per-array-layer), some implementations will have to resort to complicated offset → device virtual address mapping for handling `VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo`.

To make this easier on the implementation, the VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT explicitly specifies when metadata is bound with `VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo`. When this flag is not present, the `resourceOffset` may be treated as a strict device virtual address offset.

When VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT is present, the `resourceOffset` must have been derived explicitly from the `imageMipTailOffset` in the sparse resource properties returned for the metadata aspect. By manipulating the value returned for `imageMipTailOffset`, the `resourceOffset` does not have to correlate directly to a device virtual address offset, and may instead be whatever value makes it easiest for the implementation to derive the correct device virtual address.

### 38.7. Sparse Resource API

The APIs related to sparse resources are grouped into the following categories:

- Physical Device Features

- Physical Device Sparse Properties

- Sparse Image Format Properties

- Sparse Resource Creation

- Sparse Resource Memory Requirements

- Binding Resource Memory

#### 38.7.1. Physical Device Features

Some sparse-resource related features are reported and enabled in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`. These features must be supported and enabled on the `VkDevice` object before applications can use them. See Physical Device Features for information on how to get and set enabled device features, and for more detailed explanations of these features.

##### Sparse Physical Device Features

- `sparseBinding`: Support for creating VkBuffer and `VkImage` objects with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT flags, respectively.

- `sparseResidencyBuffer`: Support for creating VkBuffer objects with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT flag.

- `sparseResidencyImage2D`: Support for creating 2D single-sampled `VkImage` objects with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- `sparseResidencyImage3D`: Support for creating 3D VkImage objects with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- `sparseResidency2Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 2 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- `sparseResidency4Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 4 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- `sparseResidency8Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 8 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- `sparseResidency16Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 16 samples and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT.

- `sparseResidencyAliased`: Support for creating VkBuffer and `VkImage` objects with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT and VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT flags, respectively.

#### 38.7.2. Physical Device Sparse Properties

Some features of the implementation are not possible to disable, and are reported to allow applications to alter their sparse resource usage accordingly. These read-only capabilities are reported in the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`sparseProperties` member, which is a `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` structure.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties {
        VkBool32    residencyStandard2DBlockShape;
        VkBool32    residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape;
        VkBool32    residencyStandard3DBlockShape;
        VkBool32    residencyAlignedMipSize;
        VkBool32    residencyNonResidentStrict;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties;

- `residencyStandard2DBlockShape` is VK_TRUE if the physical device will access all single-sample 2D sparse resources using the standard sparse image block shapes (based on image format), as described in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample) table. If this property is not supported the value returned in the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure for single-sample 2D images is not required to match the standard sparse image block dimensions listed in the table.

- `residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape` is VK_TRUE if the physical device will access all multisample 2D sparse resources using the standard sparse image block shapes (based on image format), as described in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (MSAA) table. If this property is not supported, the value returned in the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure for multisample 2D images is not required to match the standard sparse image block dimensions listed in the table.

- `residencyStandard3DBlockShape` is VK_TRUE if the physical device will access all 3D sparse resources using the standard sparse image block shapes (based on image format), as described in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample) table. If this property is not supported, the value returned in the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure for 3D images is not required to match the standard sparse image block dimensions listed in the table.

- `residencyAlignedMipSize` is VK_TRUE if images with mip level dimensions that are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block may be placed in the mip tail. If this property is not reported, only mip levels with dimensions smaller than the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure will be placed in the mip tail. If this property is reported the implementation is allowed to return VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT in the `flags` member of `VkSparseImageFormatProperties`, indicating that mip level dimensions that are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block will be placed in the mip tail.

- `residencyNonResidentStrict` specifies whether the physical device can consistently access non-resident regions of a resource. If this property is VK_TRUE, access to non-resident regions of resources will be guaranteed to return values as if the resource was populated with 0; writes to non-resident regions will be discarded.

#### 38.7.3. Sparse Image Format Properties

Given that certain aspects of sparse image support, including the sparse image block dimensions, may be implementation-dependent, vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties can be used to query for sparse image format properties prior to resource creation. This command is used to check whether a given set of sparse image parameters is supported and what the sparse image block shape will be.

##### Sparse Image Format Properties API

The `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageFormatProperties {
        VkImageAspectFlags          aspectMask;
        VkExtent3D                  imageGranularity;
        VkSparseImageFormatFlags    flags;
    } VkSparseImageFormatProperties;

- `aspectMask` is a bitmask VkImageAspectFlagBits specifying which aspects of the image the properties apply to.

- `imageGranularity` is the width, height, and depth of the sparse image block in texels.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits specifying additional information about the sparse resource.

Bits which may be set in VkSparseImageFormatProperties::`flags`, specifying additional information about the sparse resource, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits {
        VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_NONSTANDARD_BLOCK_SIZE_BIT = 0x00000004,
    } VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits;

- VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT specifies that the image uses a single mip tail region for all array layers.

- VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT specifies that the first mip level whose dimensions are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block begins the mip tail region.

- VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_NONSTANDARD_BLOCK_SIZE_BIT specifies that the image uses non-standard sparse image block dimensions, and the `imageGranularity` values do not match the standard sparse image block dimensions for the given format.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSparseImageFormatFlags;

`VkSparseImageFormatFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties` returns an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties. Each element describes properties for one set of image aspects that are bound simultaneously for a `VkImage` created with the provided image creation parameters. This is usually one element for each aspect in the image, but for interleaved depth/stencil images there is only one element describing the combined aspects.

Warning | This functionality is superseded by vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2. See Legacy Functionality for more information.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkFormat                                    format,
        VkImageType                                 type,
        VkSampleCountFlagBits                       samples,
        VkImageUsageFlags                           usage,
        VkImageTiling                               tiling,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties*              pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the sparse image format properties.

- `format` is the image format.

- `type` is the dimensionality of the image.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples per texel.

- `usage` is a bitmask describing the intended usage of the image.

- `tiling` is the tiling arrangement of the texel blocks in memory.

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse format properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties structures.

If `pProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of sparse format properties available is returned in `pPropertyCount`. Otherwise, `pPropertyCount` must point to a variable set by the application to the number of elements in the `pProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pProperties`. If `pPropertyCount` is less than the number of sparse format properties available, at most `pPropertyCount` structures will be written.

If VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT is not supported for the given arguments, `pPropertyCount` will be zero upon return, and no data will be written to `pProperties`.

Multiple aspects are returned for depth/stencil images that are implemented as separate planes by the implementation. The depth and stencil data planes each have unique `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` data.

Depth/stencil images with depth and stencil data interleaved into a single plane will return a single `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure with the `aspectMask` set to VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-samples-01094
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value that is set in `VkImageFormatProperties`::`sampleCounts` returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` with `format`, `type`, `tiling`, and `usage` equal to those in this command

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkSparseImageFormatProperties structures

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2` returns an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties2. Each element describes properties for one set of image aspects that are bound simultaneously for a `VkImage` created with the provided image creation parameters. This is usually one element for each aspect in the image, but for interleaved depth/stencil images there is only one element describing the combined aspects.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2* pFormatInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties2*             pProperties);

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2
    // Equivalent to vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2KHR(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2* pFormatInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties2*             pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the sparse image format properties.

- `pFormatInfo` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 structure containing input parameters to the command.

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse format properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 structures.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2` behaves identically to vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties, with the ability to return extended information by adding extending structures to the `pNext` chain of its `pProperties` parameter.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-pFormatInfo-parameter
  `pFormatInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 structures

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkFormat                 format;
        VkImageType              type;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits    samples;
        VkImageUsageFlags        usage;
        VkImageTiling            tiling;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2;

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2
    // Equivalent to VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2
    typedef VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `format` is the image format.

- `type` is the dimensionality of the image.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples per texel.

- `usage` is a bitmask describing the intended usage of the image.

- `tiling` is the tiling arrangement of the texel blocks in memory.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-samples-01095
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value that is set in `VkImageFormatProperties`::`sampleCounts` returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` with `format`, `type`, `tiling`, and `usage` equal to those in this command

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

The `VkSparseImageFormatProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        void*                            pNext;
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties    properties;
    } VkSparseImageFormatProperties2;

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2
    // Equivalent to VkSparseImageFormatProperties2
    typedef VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 VkSparseImageFormatProperties2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `properties` is a VkSparseImageFormatProperties structure which is populated with the same values as in vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageFormatProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2

- VUID-VkSparseImageFormatProperties2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 38.7.4. Sparse Resource Creation

Sparse resources require that one or more sparse feature flags be specified (as part of the `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures` structure described previously in the Physical Device Features section) when calling vkCreateDevice. When the appropriate device features are enabled, the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_*` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_*` flags can be used. See vkCreateBuffer and vkCreateImage for details of the resource creation APIs.

Note | Specifying VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT or VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT requires specifying VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT or VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT, respectively, as well. This means that resources must be created with the appropriate `*_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` to be used with the sparse binding command (`vkQueueBindSparse`).

#### 38.7.5. Sparse Resource Memory Requirements

Sparse resources have specific memory requirements related to binding sparse memory. These memory requirements are reported differently for `VkBuffer` objects and `VkImage` objects.

##### Buffer and Fully-Resident Images

Buffers (both fully and partially resident) and fully-resident images can be bound to memory using only the data from `VkMemoryRequirements`. For all sparse resources the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment` member specifies both the binding granularity in bytes and the required alignment of `VkDeviceMemory`.

##### Partially Resident Images

Partially resident images have a different method for binding memory. As with buffers and fully resident images, the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment` field specifies the binding granularity in bytes for the image.

Requesting sparse memory requirements for `VkImage` objects using `vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements` will return an array of one or more `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` structures. Each structure describes the sparse memory requirements for a group of aspects of the image.

The sparse image must have been created using the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT flag to retrieve valid sparse image memory requirements.

##### Sparse Image Memory Requirements

The `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements {
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties    formatProperties;
        uint32_t                         imageMipTailFirstLod;
        VkDeviceSize                     imageMipTailSize;
        VkDeviceSize                     imageMipTailOffset;
        VkDeviceSize                     imageMipTailStride;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements;

- `formatProperties` is a VkSparseImageFormatProperties structure specifying properties of the image format.

- `imageMipTailFirstLod` is the first mip level at which image subresources are included in the mip tail region.

- `imageMipTailSize` is the memory size (in bytes) of the mip tail region. If `formatProperties.flags` contains VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT, this is the size of the whole mip tail, otherwise this is the size of the mip tail of a single array layer. This value is guaranteed to be a multiple of the sparse block size in bytes.

- `imageMipTailOffset` is the opaque memory offset used with VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo to bind the mip tail region(s).

- `imageMipTailStride` is the offset stride between each array-layer’s mip tail, if `formatProperties.flags` does not contain VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT (otherwise the value is undefined).

To query sparse memory requirements for an image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements*            pSparseMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the VkImage object to get the memory requirements for.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse memory requirements available or queried, as described below.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` structures.

If `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is `NULL`, then the number of sparse memory requirements available is returned in `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount`. Otherwise, `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must point to a variable set by the application to the number of elements in the `pSparseMemoryRequirements` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pSparseMemoryRequirements`. If `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is less than the number of sparse memory requirements available, at most `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` structures will be written.

If the image was not created with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT then `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` will be zero and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` will not be written to.

Note | It is legal for an implementation to report a larger value in `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` than would be obtained by adding together memory sizes for all `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` returned by `vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements`. This may occur when the implementation requires unused padding in the address range describing the resource.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirementCount-parameter
  `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirements-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is not `0`, and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is not `NULL`, `pSparseMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements structures

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

To query sparse memory requirements for an image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2* pInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2*           pSparseMemoryRequirements);

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    // Equivalent to vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2
    void vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2KHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2* pInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2*           pSparseMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse memory requirements available or queried, as described below.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2` structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-pSparseMemoryRequirementCount-parameter
  `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-pSparseMemoryRequirements-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is not `0`, and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is not `NULL`, `pSparseMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 structures

To determine the sparse memory requirements for an image resource without creating an object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements*      pInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2*           pSparseMemoryRequirements);

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance4
    // Equivalent to vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements
    void vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirementsKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements*      pInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2*           pSparseMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device intended to own the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse memory requirements available or queried, as described below.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2` structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirementCount-parameter
  `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirements-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is not `0`, and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is not `NULL`, `pSparseMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 structures

The `VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
    } VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2;

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    // Equivalent to VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2
    typedef VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2 VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is the image to query.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SPARSE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2

- VUID-VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

The `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        void*                              pNext;
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements    memoryRequirements;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2;

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    // Equivalent to VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2
    typedef VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memoryRequirements` is a VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements structure describing the memory requirements of the sparse image.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 38.7.6. Binding Resource Memory

Non-sparse resources are backed by a single physical allocation prior to device use (via `vkBindImageMemory` or `vkBindBufferMemory`), and their backing must not be changed. On the other hand, sparse resources can be bound to memory non-contiguously and these bindings can be altered during the lifetime of the resource.

Note | It is important to note that freeing a `VkDeviceMemory` object with `vkFreeMemory` will not cause resources (or resource regions) bound to the memory object to become unbound. Applications must not access resources bound to memory that has been freed.

Sparse memory bindings execute on a queue that includes the VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT bit. Applications must use synchronization primitives to guarantee that other queues do not access ranges of memory concurrently with a binding change. Applications can access other ranges of the same resource while a bind operation is executing.

Note | Implementations must provide a guarantee that simultaneously binding sparse blocks while another queue accesses those same sparse blocks via a sparse resource must not access memory owned by another process or otherwise corrupt the system.

While some implementations may include VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT support in queue families that also include graphics and compute support, other implementations may only expose a VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT-only queue family. In either case, applications must use synchronization primitives to explicitly request any ordering dependencies between sparse memory binding operations and other graphics/compute/transfer operations, as sparse binding operations are not automatically ordered against command buffer execution, even within a single queue.

When binding memory explicitly for the VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT the application must use the VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT in the `VkSparseMemoryBind`::`flags` field when binding memory. Binding memory for metadata is done the same way as binding memory for the mip tail, with the addition of the VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT flag.

Binding the mip tail for any aspect must only be performed using VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo. If `formatProperties.flags` contains VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT, then it can be bound with a single VkSparseMemoryBind structure, with `resourceOffset` = `imageMipTailOffset` and `size` = `imageMipTailSize`.

If `formatProperties.flags` does not contain VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT then the offset for the mip tail in each array layer is given as:

    arrayMipTailOffset = imageMipTailOffset + arrayLayer * imageMipTailStride;

and the mip tail can be bound with `layerCount` VkSparseMemoryBind structures, each using `size` = `imageMipTailSize` and `resourceOffset` = `arrayMipTailOffset` as defined above.

Sparse memory binding is handled by the following APIs and related data structures.

##### Sparse Memory Binding Functions

The `VkSparseMemoryBind` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseMemoryBind {
        VkDeviceSize               resourceOffset;
        VkDeviceSize               size;
        VkDeviceMemory             memory;
        VkDeviceSize               memoryOffset;
        VkSparseMemoryBindFlags    flags;
    } VkSparseMemoryBind;

- `resourceOffset` is the offset into the resource.

- `size` is the size of the memory region to be bound.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object that the range of the resource is bound to. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the range is unbound.

- `memoryOffset` is the offset into the VkDeviceMemory object to bind the resource range to. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, this value is ignored.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits specifying usage of the binding operation.

The binding range [`resourceOffset`, `resourceOffset` + `size`) has different constraints based on `flags`. If `flags` contains VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT, the binding range must be within the mip tail region of the metadata aspect. This metadata region is defined by:

  metadataRegion = [base, base + `imageMipTailSize`)

  base = `imageMipTailOffset` + `imageMipTailStride` × n

and `imageMipTailOffset`, `imageMipTailSize`, and `imageMipTailStride` values are from the VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements corresponding to the metadata aspect of the image, and n is a valid array layer index for the image,

`imageMipTailStride` is considered to be zero for aspects where `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements`::`formatProperties.flags` contains VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT.

If `flags` does not contain VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT, the binding range must be within the range [0,VkMemoryRequirements::`size`).

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-01096
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` and `memoryOffset` must match the memory requirements of the resource, as described in section Resource Memory Association

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-resourceOffset-09491
  If the resource being bound is a `VkBuffer`, `resourceOffset`, `memoryOffset` and `size` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements with the buffer resource

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-resourceOffset-09492
  If the resource being bound is a `VkImage`, `resourceOffset` and `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with the image resource

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-01097
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must not have been created with a memory type that reports VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT bit set

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-size-01098
  `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-resourceOffset-01099
  `resourceOffset` must be less than the size of the resource

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-size-01100
  `size` must be less than or equal to the size of the resource minus `resourceOffset`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memoryOffset-01101
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-size-01102
  `size` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-02730
  If `memory` was created with VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` not equal to `0`, at least one handle type it contained must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` or VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when the resource was created

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-02731
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` or VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when the resource was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-parameter
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits values

Bits which can be set in VkSparseMemoryBind::`flags`, specifying usage of a sparse memory binding operation, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits {
        VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits;

- VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT specifies that the memory being bound is only for the metadata aspect.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSparseMemoryBindFlags;

`VkSparseMemoryBindFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits.

Memory is bound to `VkBuffer` objects created with the VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT flag using the following structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo {
        VkBuffer                     buffer;
        uint32_t                     bindCount;
        const VkSparseMemoryBind*    pBinds;
    } VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo;

- `buffer` is the VkBuffer object to be bound.

- `bindCount` is the number of VkSparseMemoryBind structures in the `pBinds` array.

- `pBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseMemoryBind structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-parameter
  `pBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindCount` valid VkSparseMemoryBind structures

- VUID-VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo-bindCount-arraylength
  `bindCount` must be greater than `0`

Memory is bound to opaque regions of `VkImage` objects created with the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT flag using the following structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo {
        VkImage                      image;
        uint32_t                     bindCount;
        const VkSparseMemoryBind*    pBinds;
    } VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo;

- `image` is the VkImage object to be bound.

- `bindCount` is the number of VkSparseMemoryBind structures in the `pBinds` array.

- `pBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseMemoryBind structures.

Note | This structure is normally used to bind memory to fully-resident sparse images or for mip tail regions of partially resident images. However, it can also be used to bind memory for the entire binding range of partially resident images. If the `pBinds`[i].flags of an element i of `pBinds` does not contain VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT, the `resourceOffset` is in the range [0, VkMemoryRequirements::`size`), This range includes data from all aspects of the image, including metadata. For most implementations this will probably mean that the `resourceOffset` is a simple device address offset within the resource. It is possible for an application to bind a range of memory that includes both resource data and metadata. However, the application would not know what part of the image the memory is used for, or if any range is being used for metadata. If the `pBinds`[i].flags of an element i of `pBinds` contains VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT, the binding range specified must be within the mip tail region of the metadata aspect. In this case the `resourceOffset` is not required to be a simple device address offset within the resource. However, it is defined to be within [`imageMipTailOffset`, `imageMipTailOffset` + `imageMipTailSize`) for the metadata aspect. See VkSparseMemoryBind for the full constraints on binding region with this flag present.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-01103
  If the `flags` member of any element of `pBinds` contains VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT, the binding range defined must be within the mip tail region of the metadata aspect of `image`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-parameter
  `pBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindCount` valid VkSparseMemoryBind structures

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-bindCount-arraylength
  `bindCount` must be greater than `0`

Memory can be bound to sparse image blocks of `VkImage` objects created with the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT flag using the following structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo {
        VkImage                           image;
        uint32_t                          bindCount;
        const VkSparseImageMemoryBind*    pBinds;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo;

- `image` is the VkImage object to be bound

- `bindCount` is the number of VkSparseImageMemoryBind structures in `pBinds` array

- `pBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageMemoryBind structures

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-subresource-01722
  The `subresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pBinds` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-subresource-01723
  The `subresource.arrayLayer` member of each element of `pBinds` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-subresource-01106
  The `subresource.aspectMask` member of each element of `pBinds` must be valid for the `format` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-image-02901
  `image` must have been created with VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-parameter
  `pBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindCount` valid VkSparseImageMemoryBind structures

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-bindCount-arraylength
  `bindCount` must be greater than `0`

The `VkSparseImageMemoryBind` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryBind {
        VkImageSubresource         subresource;
        VkOffset3D                 offset;
        VkExtent3D                 extent;
        VkDeviceMemory             memory;
        VkDeviceSize               memoryOffset;
        VkSparseMemoryBindFlags    flags;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryBind;

- `subresource` is the image aspect and region of interest in the image.

- `offset` are the coordinates of the first texel within the image subresource to bind.

- `extent` is the size in texels of the region within the image subresource to bind. The extent must be a multiple of the sparse image block dimensions, except when binding sparse image blocks along the edge of an image subresource it can instead be such that any coordinate of `offset` + `extent` equals the corresponding dimensions of the image subresource.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object that the sparse image blocks of the image are bound to. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the sparse image blocks are unbound.

- `memoryOffset` is an offset into VkDeviceMemory object. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, this value is ignored.

- `flags` are sparse memory binding flags.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-01104
  If the `sparseResidencyAliased` feature is not enabled, and if any other resources are bound to ranges of `memory`, the range of `memory` being bound must not overlap with those bound ranges

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-01105
  `memory` and `memoryOffset` must match the memory requirements of the calling command’s `image`, as described in section Resource Memory Association

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-offset-01107
  `offset.x` must be a multiple of the sparse image block width (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.width`) of the image

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-09388
  `extent.width` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-01108
  `extent.width` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block width of the image, or else (`extent.width` + `offset.x`) must equal the width of the image subresource

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-offset-01109
  `offset.y` must be a multiple of the sparse image block height (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.height`) of the image

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-09389
  `extent.height` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-01110
  `extent.height` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block height of the image, or else (`extent.height` + `offset.y`) must equal the height of the image subresource

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-offset-01111
  `offset.z` must be a multiple of the sparse image block depth (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.depth`) of the image

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-09390
  `extent.depth` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-01112
  `extent.depth` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block depth of the image, or else (`extent.depth` + `offset.z`) must equal the depth of the image subresource

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-02732
  If `memory` was created with VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` not equal to `0`, at least one handle type it contained must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when the image was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-02733
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-subresource-parameter
  `subresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresource structure

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-parameter
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits values

To submit sparse binding operations to a queue, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkQueueBindSparse(
        VkQueue                                     queue,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindSparseInfo*                     pBindInfo,
        VkFence                                     fence);

- `queue` is the queue that the sparse binding operations will be submitted to.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in the `pBindInfo` array.

- `pBindInfo` is a pointer to an array of VkBindSparseInfo structures, each specifying a sparse binding submission batch.

- `fence` is an optional handle to a fence to be signaled. If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it defines a fence signal operation.

`vkQueueBindSparse` is a queue submission command, with each batch defined by an element of `pBindInfo` as a VkBindSparseInfo structure. Batches begin execution in the order they appear in `pBindInfo`, but may complete out of order.

Within a batch, a given range of a resource must not be bound more than once. Across batches, if a range is to be bound to one allocation and offset and then to another allocation and offset, then the application must guarantee (usually using semaphores) that the binding operations are executed in the correct order, as well as to order binding operations against the execution of command buffer submissions.

As no operation to vkQueueBindSparse causes any pipeline stage to access memory, synchronization primitives used in this command effectively only define execution dependencies.

Additional information about fence and semaphore operation is described in the synchronization chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-fence-01113
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be unsignaled

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-fence-01114
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must not be associated with any other queue command that has not yet completed execution on that queue

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pSignalSemaphores-01115
  Each element of the `pSignalSemaphores` member of each element of `pBindInfo` must be unsignaled when the semaphore signal operation it defines is executed on the device

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pWaitSemaphores-01116
  When a semaphore wait operation referring to a binary semaphore defined by any element of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of any element of `pBindInfo` executes on `queue`, there must be no other queues waiting on the same semaphore

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pWaitSemaphores-03245
  All elements of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of all elements of `pBindInfo` referring to a semaphore created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY must reference a semaphore signal operation that has been submitted for execution and any semaphore signal operations on which it depends must have also been submitted for execution

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-queue-parameter
  `queue` must be a valid VkQueue handle

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pBindInfo-parameter
  If `bindInfoCount` is not `0`, `pBindInfo` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindSparseInfo structures

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-fence-parameter
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be a valid VkFence handle

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-queuetype
  The `queue` must support VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT operations

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-commonparent
  Both of `fence`, and `queue` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `queue` must be externally synchronized if it was not created with VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT_KHR

- Host access to `fence` must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
- | - | - | VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT | -

Return Codes

Success

  - VK_SUCCESS

Failure

  - VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST

  - VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY

  - VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY

  - VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN

  - VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED

The `VkBindSparseInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBindSparseInfo {
        VkStructureType                             sType;
        const void*                                 pNext;
        uint32_t                                    waitSemaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*                          pWaitSemaphores;
        uint32_t                                    bufferBindCount;
        const VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo*         pBufferBinds;
        uint32_t                                    imageOpaqueBindCount;
        const VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo*    pImageOpaqueBinds;
        uint32_t                                    imageBindCount;
        const VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo*          pImageBinds;
        uint32_t                                    signalSemaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*                          pSignalSemaphores;
    } VkBindSparseInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `waitSemaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores upon which to wait before executing the sparse binding operations for the batch.

- `pWaitSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of semaphores upon which to wait on before the sparse binding operations for this batch begin execution. If semaphores to wait on are provided, they define a semaphore wait operation.

- `bufferBindCount` is the number of sparse buffer bindings to perform in the batch.

- `pBufferBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo structures.

- `imageOpaqueBindCount` is the number of opaque sparse image bindings to perform.

- `pImageOpaqueBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo structures, indicating opaque sparse image bindings to perform.

- `imageBindCount` is the number of sparse image bindings to perform.

- `pImageBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo structures, indicating sparse image bindings to perform.

- `signalSemaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores to be signaled once the sparse binding operations specified by the structure have completed execution.

- `pSignalSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of semaphores which will be signaled when the sparse binding operations for this batch have completed execution. If semaphores to be signaled are provided, they define a semaphore signal operation.

The first synchronization scope of each semaphore signal operation defined by this structure includes all sparse binding operations defined by this structure.

The second synchronization scope of each semaphore wait operation defined by this structure includes all sparse binding operations defined by this structure.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pWaitSemaphores-03246
  If any element of `pWaitSemaphores` or `pSignalSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE then the `pNext` chain must include a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-03247
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure and any element of `pWaitSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE then its `waitSemaphoreValueCount` member must equal `waitSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-03248
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure and any element of `pSignalSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE then its `signalSemaphoreValueCount` member must equal `signalSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pSignalSemaphores-03249
  For each element of `pSignalSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphoreValues` must have a value greater than the current value of the semaphore when the semaphore signal operation is executed

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pWaitSemaphores-03250
  For each element of `pWaitSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pWaitSemaphoreValues` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or from the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on that semaphore by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pSignalSemaphores-03251
  For each element of `pSignalSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphoreValues` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or from the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on that semaphore by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-09753
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkFrameBoundaryTensorsARM structure then it must also include a VkFrameBoundaryEXT structure

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_SPARSE_INFO

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo, VkFrameBoundaryEXT, VkFrameBoundaryTensorsARM, or VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each structure in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pWaitSemaphores-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pWaitSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pBufferBinds-parameter
  If `bufferBindCount` is not `0`, `pBufferBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bufferBindCount` valid VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo structures

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pImageOpaqueBinds-parameter
  If `imageOpaqueBindCount` is not `0`, `pImageOpaqueBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageOpaqueBindCount` valid VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo structures

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pImageBinds-parameter
  If `imageBindCount` is not `0`, `pImageBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageBindCount` valid VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo structures

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pSignalSemaphores-parameter
  If `signalSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pSignalSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-commonparent
  Both of the elements of `pSignalSemaphores`, and the elements of `pWaitSemaphores` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To specify the values to use when waiting for and signaling semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE, add a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBindSparseInfo structure.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindSparseInfo includes a `VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo` structure, then that structure includes device indices specifying which instance of the resources and memory are bound.

The `VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           resourceDeviceIndex;
        uint32_t           memoryDeviceIndex;
    } VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo;

    // Provided by VK_KHR_device_group
    // Equivalent to VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo
    typedef VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `resourceDeviceIndex` is a device index indicating which instance of the resource is bound.

- `memoryDeviceIndex` is a device index indicating which instance of the memory the resource instance is bound to.

These device indices apply to all buffer and image memory binds included in the batch pointing to this structure. The semaphore waits and signals for the batch are executed only by the physical device specified by the `resourceDeviceIndex`.

If this structure is not present, `resourceDeviceIndex` and `memoryDeviceIndex` are assumed to be zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo-resourceDeviceIndex-01118
  `resourceDeviceIndex` and `memoryDeviceIndex` must both be valid device indices

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo-memoryDeviceIndex-01119
  Each memory allocation bound in this batch must have allocated an instance for `memoryDeviceIndex`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_BIND_SPARSE_INFO

Structure Chaining

Extends the structure

  - VkBindSparseInfo