DatabaseMetaData (Java Platform SE 8 )
Keywords: java.sql.DatabaseMetaData interface
Date: 2026-04-24

compact2, compact3
java.sql

## Interface DatabaseMetaData

- All Superinterfaces:
    Wrapper

      public interface DatabaseMetaData
      extends Wrapper

  Comprehensive information about the database as a whole.

  This interface is implemented by driver vendors to let users know the capabilities of a Database Management System (DBMS) in combination with the driver based on JDBC™ technology ("JDBC driver") that is used with it. Different relational DBMSs often support different features, implement features in different ways, and use different data types. In addition, a driver may implement a feature on top of what the DBMS offers. Information returned by methods in this interface applies to the capabilities of a particular driver and a particular DBMS working together. Note that as used in this documentation, the term "database" is used generically to refer to both the driver and DBMS.

  A user for this interface is commonly a tool that needs to discover how to deal with the underlying DBMS. This is especially true for applications that are intended to be used with more than one DBMS. For example, a tool might use the method `getTypeInfo` to find out what data types can be used in a `CREATE TABLE` statement. Or a user might call the method `supportsCorrelatedSubqueries` to see if it is possible to use a correlated subquery or `supportsBatchUpdates` to see if it is possible to use batch updates.

  Some `DatabaseMetaData` methods return lists of information in the form of `ResultSet` objects. Regular `ResultSet` methods, such as `getString` and `getInt`, can be used to retrieve the data from these `ResultSet` objects. If a given form of metadata is not available, an empty `ResultSet` will be returned. Additional columns beyond the columns defined to be returned by the `ResultSet` object for a given method can be defined by the JDBC driver vendor and must be accessed by their column label.

  Some `DatabaseMetaData` methods take arguments that are String patterns. These arguments all have names such as fooPattern. Within a pattern String, "%" means match any substring of 0 or more characters, and "_" means match any one character. Only metadata entries matching the search pattern are returned. If a search pattern argument is set to `null`, that argument's criterion will be dropped from the search.

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `static short` | `attributeNoNulls` Indicates that `NULL` values might not be allowed.
    `static short` | `attributeNullable` Indicates that `NULL` values are definitely allowed.
    `static short` | `attributeNullableUnknown` Indicates that whether `NULL` values are allowed is not known.
    `static int` | `bestRowNotPseudo` Indicates that the best row identifier is NOT a pseudo column.
    `static int` | `bestRowPseudo` Indicates that the best row identifier is a pseudo column.
    `static int` | `bestRowSession` Indicates that the scope of the best row identifier is the remainder of the current session.
    `static int` | `bestRowTemporary` Indicates that the scope of the best row identifier is very temporary, lasting only while the row is being used.
    `static int` | `bestRowTransaction` Indicates that the scope of the best row identifier is the remainder of the current transaction.
    `static int` | `bestRowUnknown` Indicates that the best row identifier may or may not be a pseudo column.
    `static int` | `columnNoNulls` Indicates that the column might not allow `NULL` values.
    `static int` | `columnNullable` Indicates that the column definitely allows `NULL` values.
    `static int` | `columnNullableUnknown` Indicates that the nullability of columns is unknown.
    `static int` | `functionColumnIn` Indicates that the parameter or column is an IN parameter.
    `static int` | `functionColumnInOut` Indicates that the parameter or column is an INOUT parameter.
    `static int` | `functionColumnOut` Indicates that the parameter or column is an OUT parameter.
    `static int` | `functionColumnResult` Indicates that the parameter or column is a column in a result set.
    `static int` | `functionColumnUnknown` Indicates that type of the parameter or column is unknown.
    `static int` | `functionNoNulls` Indicates that `NULL` values are not allowed.
    `static int` | `functionNoTable` Indicates that the function does not return a table.
    `static int` | `functionNullable` Indicates that `NULL` values are allowed.
    `static int` | `functionNullableUnknown` Indicates that whether `NULL` values are allowed is unknown.
    `static int` | `functionResultUnknown` Indicates that it is not known whether the function returns a result or a table.
    `static int` | `functionReturn` Indicates that the parameter or column is a return value.
    `static int` | `functionReturnsTable` Indicates that the function returns a table.
    `static int` | `importedKeyCascade` For the column `UPDATE_RULE`, indicates that when the primary key is updated, the foreign key (imported key) is changed to agree with it.
    `static int` | `importedKeyInitiallyDeferred` Indicates deferrability.
    `static int` | `importedKeyInitiallyImmediate` Indicates deferrability.
    `static int` | `importedKeyNoAction` For the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that if the primary key has been imported, it cannot be updated or deleted.
    `static int` | `importedKeyNotDeferrable` Indicates deferrability.
    `static int` | `importedKeyRestrict` For the column `UPDATE_RULE`, indicates that a primary key may not be updated if it has been imported by another table as a foreign key.
    `static int` | `importedKeySetDefault` For the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that if the primary key is updated or deleted, the foreign key (imported key) is set to the default value.
    `static int` | `importedKeySetNull` For the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that when the primary key is updated or deleted, the foreign key (imported key) is changed to `NULL`.
    `static int` | `procedureColumnIn` Indicates that the column stores IN parameters.
    `static int` | `procedureColumnInOut` Indicates that the column stores INOUT parameters.
    `static int` | `procedureColumnOut` Indicates that the column stores OUT parameters.
    `static int` | `procedureColumnResult` Indicates that the column stores results.
    `static int` | `procedureColumnReturn` Indicates that the column stores return values.
    `static int` | `procedureColumnUnknown` Indicates that type of the column is unknown.
    `static int` | `procedureNoNulls` Indicates that `NULL` values are not allowed.
    `static int` | `procedureNoResult` Indicates that the procedure does not return a result.
    `static int` | `procedureNullable` Indicates that `NULL` values are allowed.
    `static int` | `procedureNullableUnknown` Indicates that whether `NULL` values are allowed is unknown.
    `static int` | `procedureResultUnknown` Indicates that it is not known whether the procedure returns a result.
    `static int` | `procedureReturnsResult` Indicates that the procedure returns a result.
    `static int` | `sqlStateSQL` A possible return value for the method `DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType` which is used to indicate whether the value returned by the method `SQLException.getSQLState` is an SQLSTATE value.
    `static int` | `sqlStateSQL99` A possible return value for the method `DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType` which is used to indicate whether the value returned by the method `SQLException.getSQLState` is an SQL99 SQLSTATE value.
    `static int` | `sqlStateXOpen` A possible return value for the method `DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType` which is used to indicate whether the value returned by the method `SQLException.getSQLState` is an X/Open (now know as Open Group) SQL CLI SQLSTATE value.
    `static short` | `tableIndexClustered` Indicates that this table index is a clustered index.
    `static short` | `tableIndexHashed` Indicates that this table index is a hashed index.
    `static short` | `tableIndexOther` Indicates that this table index is not a clustered index, a hashed index, or table statistics; it is something other than these.
    `static short` | `tableIndexStatistic` Indicates that this column contains table statistics that are returned in conjunction with a table's index descriptions.
    `static int` | `typeNoNulls` Indicates that a `NULL` value is NOT allowed for this data type.
    `static int` | `typeNullable` Indicates that a `NULL` value is allowed for this data type.
    `static int` | `typeNullableUnknown` Indicates that it is not known whether a `NULL` value is allowed for this data type.
    `static int` | `typePredBasic` Indicates that the data type can be only be used in `WHERE` search clauses that do not use `LIKE` predicates.
    `static int` | `typePredChar` Indicates that the data type can be only be used in `WHERE` search clauses that use `LIKE` predicates.
    `static int` | `typePredNone` Indicates that `WHERE` search clauses are not supported for this type.
    `static int` | `typeSearchable` Indicates that all `WHERE` search clauses can be based on this type.
    `static int` | `versionColumnNotPseudo` Indicates that this version column is NOT a pseudo column.
    `static int` | `versionColumnPseudo` Indicates that this version column is a pseudo column.
    `static int` | `versionColumnUnknown` Indicates that this version column may or may not be a pseudo column.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Default Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `boolean` | `allProceduresAreCallable()` Retrieves whether the current user can call all the procedures returned by the method `getProcedures`.
    `boolean` | `allTablesAreSelectable()` Retrieves whether the current user can use all the tables returned by the method `getTables` in a `SELECT` statement.
    `boolean` | `autoCommitFailureClosesAllResultSets()` Retrieves whether a `SQLException` while autoCommit is `true` indicates that all open ResultSets are closed, even ones that are holdable.
    `boolean` | `dataDefinitionCausesTransactionCommit()` Retrieves whether a data definition statement within a transaction forces the transaction to commit.
    `boolean` | `dataDefinitionIgnoredInTransactions()` Retrieves whether this database ignores a data definition statement within a transaction.
    `boolean` | `deletesAreDetected(int type)` Retrieves whether or not a visible row delete can be detected by calling the method `ResultSet.rowDeleted`.
    `boolean` | `doesMaxRowSizeIncludeBlobs()` Retrieves whether the return value for the method `getMaxRowSize` includes the SQL data types `LONGVARCHAR` and `LONGVARBINARY`.
    `boolean` | `generatedKeyAlwaysReturned()` Retrieves whether a generated key will always be returned if the column name(s) or index(es) specified for the auto generated key column(s) are valid and the statement succeeds.
    `ResultSet` | `getAttributes(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String typeNamePattern, String attributeNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the given attribute of the given type for a user-defined type (UDT) that is available in the given schema and catalog.
    `ResultSet` | `getBestRowIdentifier(String catalog, String schema, String table, int scope, boolean nullable)` Retrieves a description of a table's optimal set of columns that uniquely identifies a row.
    `ResultSet` | `getCatalogs()` Retrieves the catalog names available in this database.
    `String` | `getCatalogSeparator()` Retrieves the `String` that this database uses as the separator between a catalog and table name.
    `String` | `getCatalogTerm()` Retrieves the database vendor's preferred term for "catalog".
    `ResultSet` | `getClientInfoProperties()` Retrieves a list of the client info properties that the driver supports.
    `ResultSet` | `getColumnPrivileges(String catalog, String schema, String table, String columnNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the access rights for a table's columns.
    `ResultSet` | `getColumns(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern, String columnNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of table columns available in the specified catalog.
    `Connection` | `getConnection()` Retrieves the connection that produced this metadata object.
    `ResultSet` | `getCrossReference(String parentCatalog, String parentSchema, String parentTable, String foreignCatalog, String foreignSchema, String foreignTable)` Retrieves a description of the foreign key columns in the given foreign key table that reference the primary key or the columns representing a unique constraint of the parent table (could be the same or a different table).
    `int` | `getDatabaseMajorVersion()` Retrieves the major version number of the underlying database.
    `int` | `getDatabaseMinorVersion()` Retrieves the minor version number of the underlying database.
    `String` | `getDatabaseProductName()` Retrieves the name of this database product.
    `String` | `getDatabaseProductVersion()` Retrieves the version number of this database product.
    `int` | `getDefaultTransactionIsolation()` Retrieves this database's default transaction isolation level.
    `int` | `getDriverMajorVersion()` Retrieves this JDBC driver's major version number.
    `int` | `getDriverMinorVersion()` Retrieves this JDBC driver's minor version number.
    `String` | `getDriverName()` Retrieves the name of this JDBC driver.
    `String` | `getDriverVersion()` Retrieves the version number of this JDBC driver as a `String`.
    `ResultSet` | `getExportedKeys(String catalog, String schema, String table)` Retrieves a description of the foreign key columns that reference the given table's primary key columns (the foreign keys exported by a table).
    `String` | `getExtraNameCharacters()` Retrieves all the "extra" characters that can be used in unquoted identifier names (those beyond a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _).
    `ResultSet` | `getFunctionColumns(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String functionNamePattern, String columnNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the given catalog's system or user function parameters and return type.
    `ResultSet` | `getFunctions(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String functionNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the system and user functions available in the given catalog.
    `String` | `getIdentifierQuoteString()` Retrieves the string used to quote SQL identifiers.
    `ResultSet` | `getImportedKeys(String catalog, String schema, String table)` Retrieves a description of the primary key columns that are referenced by the given table's foreign key columns (the primary keys imported by a table).
    `ResultSet` | `getIndexInfo(String catalog, String schema, String table, boolean unique, boolean approximate)` Retrieves a description of the given table's indices and statistics.
    `int` | `getJDBCMajorVersion()` Retrieves the major JDBC version number for this driver.
    `int` | `getJDBCMinorVersion()` Retrieves the minor JDBC version number for this driver.
    `int` | `getMaxBinaryLiteralLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of hex characters this database allows in an inline binary literal.
    `int` | `getMaxCatalogNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a catalog name.
    `int` | `getMaxCharLiteralLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows for a character literal.
    `int` | `getMaxColumnNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows for a column name.
    `int` | `getMaxColumnsInGroupBy()` Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in a `GROUP BY` clause.
    `int` | `getMaxColumnsInIndex()` Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in an index.
    `int` | `getMaxColumnsInOrderBy()` Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in an `ORDER BY` clause.
    `int` | `getMaxColumnsInSelect()` Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in a `SELECT` list.
    `int` | `getMaxColumnsInTable()` Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in a table.
    `int` | `getMaxConnections()` Retrieves the maximum number of concurrent connections to this database that are possible.
    `int` | `getMaxCursorNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a cursor name.
    `int` | `getMaxIndexLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of bytes this database allows for an index, including all of the parts of the index.
    `default long` | `getMaxLogicalLobSize()` Retrieves the maximum number of bytes this database allows for the logical size for a `LOB`.
    `int` | `getMaxProcedureNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a procedure name.
    `int` | `getMaxRowSize()` Retrieves the maximum number of bytes this database allows in a single row.
    `int` | `getMaxSchemaNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a schema name.
    `int` | `getMaxStatementLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows in an SQL statement.
    `int` | `getMaxStatements()` Retrieves the maximum number of active statements to this database that can be open at the same time.
    `int` | `getMaxTableNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows in a table name.
    `int` | `getMaxTablesInSelect()` Retrieves the maximum number of tables this database allows in a `SELECT` statement.
    `int` | `getMaxUserNameLength()` Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows in a user name.
    `String` | `getNumericFunctions()` Retrieves a comma-separated list of math functions available with this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getPrimaryKeys(String catalog, String schema, String table)` Retrieves a description of the given table's primary key columns.
    `ResultSet` | `getProcedureColumns(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String procedureNamePattern, String columnNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the given catalog's stored procedure parameter and result columns.
    `ResultSet` | `getProcedures(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String procedureNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the stored procedures available in the given catalog.
    `String` | `getProcedureTerm()` Retrieves the database vendor's preferred term for "procedure".
    `ResultSet` | `getPseudoColumns(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern, String columnNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the pseudo or hidden columns available in a given table within the specified catalog and schema.
    `int` | `getResultSetHoldability()` Retrieves this database's default holdability for `ResultSet` objects.
    `RowIdLifetime` | `getRowIdLifetime()` Indicates whether or not this data source supports the SQL `ROWID` type, and if so the lifetime for which a `RowId` object remains valid.
    `ResultSet` | `getSchemas()` Retrieves the schema names available in this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getSchemas(String catalog, String schemaPattern)` Retrieves the schema names available in this database.
    `String` | `getSchemaTerm()` Retrieves the database vendor's preferred term for "schema".
    `String` | `getSearchStringEscape()` Retrieves the string that can be used to escape wildcard characters.
    `String` | `getSQLKeywords()` Retrieves a comma-separated list of all of this database's SQL keywords that are NOT also SQL:2003 keywords.
    `int` | `getSQLStateType()` Indicates whether the SQLSTATE returned by `SQLException.getSQLState` is X/Open (now known as Open Group) SQL CLI or SQL:2003.
    `String` | `getStringFunctions()` Retrieves a comma-separated list of string functions available with this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getSuperTables(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the table hierarchies defined in a particular schema in this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getSuperTypes(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String typeNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the user-defined type (UDT) hierarchies defined in a particular schema in this database.
    `String` | `getSystemFunctions()` Retrieves a comma-separated list of system functions available with this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getTablePrivileges(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern)` Retrieves a description of the access rights for each table available in a catalog.
    `ResultSet` | `getTables(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern, String[] types)` Retrieves a description of the tables available in the given catalog.
    `ResultSet` | `getTableTypes()` Retrieves the table types available in this database.
    `String` | `getTimeDateFunctions()` Retrieves a comma-separated list of the time and date functions available with this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getTypeInfo()` Retrieves a description of all the data types supported by this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getUDTs(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String typeNamePattern, int[] types)` Retrieves a description of the user-defined types (UDTs) defined in a particular schema.
    `String` | `getURL()` Retrieves the URL for this DBMS.
    `String` | `getUserName()` Retrieves the user name as known to this database.
    `ResultSet` | `getVersionColumns(String catalog, String schema, String table)` Retrieves a description of a table's columns that are automatically updated when any value in a row is updated.
    `boolean` | `insertsAreDetected(int type)` Retrieves whether or not a visible row insert can be detected by calling the method `ResultSet.rowInserted`.
    `boolean` | `isCatalogAtStart()` Retrieves whether a catalog appears at the start of a fully qualified table name.
    `boolean` | `isReadOnly()` Retrieves whether this database is in read-only mode.
    `boolean` | `locatorsUpdateCopy()` Indicates whether updates made to a LOB are made on a copy or directly to the LOB.
    `boolean` | `nullPlusNonNullIsNull()` Retrieves whether this database supports concatenations between `NULL` and non-`NULL` values being `NULL`.
    `boolean` | `nullsAreSortedAtEnd()` Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted at the end regardless of sort order.
    `boolean` | `nullsAreSortedAtStart()` Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted at the start regardless of sort order.
    `boolean` | `nullsAreSortedHigh()` Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted high.
    `boolean` | `nullsAreSortedLow()` Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted low.
    `boolean` | `othersDeletesAreVisible(int type)` Retrieves whether deletes made by others are visible.
    `boolean` | `othersInsertsAreVisible(int type)` Retrieves whether inserts made by others are visible.
    `boolean` | `othersUpdatesAreVisible(int type)` Retrieves whether updates made by others are visible.
    `boolean` | `ownDeletesAreVisible(int type)` Retrieves whether a result set's own deletes are visible.
    `boolean` | `ownInsertsAreVisible(int type)` Retrieves whether a result set's own inserts are visible.
    `boolean` | `ownUpdatesAreVisible(int type)` Retrieves whether for the given type of `ResultSet` object, the result set's own updates are visible.
    `boolean` | `storesLowerCaseIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in lower case.
    `boolean` | `storesLowerCaseQuotedIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in lower case.
    `boolean` | `storesMixedCaseIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in mixed case.
    `boolean` | `storesMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in mixed case.
    `boolean` | `storesUpperCaseIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in upper case.
    `boolean` | `storesUpperCaseQuotedIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in upper case.
    `boolean` | `supportsAlterTableWithAddColumn()` Retrieves whether this database supports `ALTER TABLE` with add column.
    `boolean` | `supportsAlterTableWithDropColumn()` Retrieves whether this database supports `ALTER TABLE` with drop column.
    `boolean` | `supportsANSI92EntryLevelSQL()` Retrieves whether this database supports the ANSI92 entry level SQL grammar.
    `boolean` | `supportsANSI92FullSQL()` Retrieves whether this database supports the ANSI92 full SQL grammar supported.
    `boolean` | `supportsANSI92IntermediateSQL()` Retrieves whether this database supports the ANSI92 intermediate SQL grammar supported.
    `boolean` | `supportsBatchUpdates()` Retrieves whether this database supports batch updates.
    `boolean` | `supportsCatalogsInDataManipulation()` Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a data manipulation statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsCatalogsInIndexDefinitions()` Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in an index definition statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsCatalogsInPrivilegeDefinitions()` Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a privilege definition statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsCatalogsInProcedureCalls()` Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a procedure call statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsCatalogsInTableDefinitions()` Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a table definition statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsColumnAliasing()` Retrieves whether this database supports column aliasing.
    `boolean` | `supportsConvert()` Retrieves whether this database supports the JDBC scalar function `CONVERT` for the conversion of one JDBC type to another.
    `boolean` | `supportsConvert(int fromType, int toType)` Retrieves whether this database supports the JDBC scalar function `CONVERT` for conversions between the JDBC types fromType and toType.
    `boolean` | `supportsCoreSQLGrammar()` Retrieves whether this database supports the ODBC Core SQL grammar.
    `boolean` | `supportsCorrelatedSubqueries()` Retrieves whether this database supports correlated subqueries.
    `boolean` | `supportsDataDefinitionAndDataManipulationTransactions()` Retrieves whether this database supports both data definition and data manipulation statements within a transaction.
    `boolean` | `supportsDataManipulationTransactionsOnly()` Retrieves whether this database supports only data manipulation statements within a transaction.
    `boolean` | `supportsDifferentTableCorrelationNames()` Retrieves whether, when table correlation names are supported, they are restricted to being different from the names of the tables.
    `boolean` | `supportsExpressionsInOrderBy()` Retrieves whether this database supports expressions in `ORDER BY` lists.
    `boolean` | `supportsExtendedSQLGrammar()` Retrieves whether this database supports the ODBC Extended SQL grammar.
    `boolean` | `supportsFullOuterJoins()` Retrieves whether this database supports full nested outer joins.
    `boolean` | `supportsGetGeneratedKeys()` Retrieves whether auto-generated keys can be retrieved after a statement has been executed
    `boolean` | `supportsGroupBy()` Retrieves whether this database supports some form of `GROUP BY` clause.
    `boolean` | `supportsGroupByBeyondSelect()` Retrieves whether this database supports using columns not included in the `SELECT` statement in a `GROUP BY` clause provided that all of the columns in the `SELECT` statement are included in the `GROUP BY` clause.
    `boolean` | `supportsGroupByUnrelated()` Retrieves whether this database supports using a column that is not in the `SELECT` statement in a `GROUP BY` clause.
    `boolean` | `supportsIntegrityEnhancementFacility()` Retrieves whether this database supports the SQL Integrity Enhancement Facility.
    `boolean` | `supportsLikeEscapeClause()` Retrieves whether this database supports specifying a `LIKE` escape clause.
    `boolean` | `supportsLimitedOuterJoins()` Retrieves whether this database provides limited support for outer joins.
    `boolean` | `supportsMinimumSQLGrammar()` Retrieves whether this database supports the ODBC Minimum SQL grammar.
    `boolean` | `supportsMixedCaseIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case sensitive and as a result stores them in mixed case.
    `boolean` | `supportsMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers()` Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case sensitive and as a result stores them in mixed case.
    `boolean` | `supportsMultipleOpenResults()` Retrieves whether it is possible to have multiple `ResultSet` objects returned from a `CallableStatement` object simultaneously.
    `boolean` | `supportsMultipleResultSets()` Retrieves whether this database supports getting multiple `ResultSet` objects from a single call to the method `execute`.
    `boolean` | `supportsMultipleTransactions()` Retrieves whether this database allows having multiple transactions open at once (on different connections).
    `boolean` | `supportsNamedParameters()` Retrieves whether this database supports named parameters to callable statements.
    `boolean` | `supportsNonNullableColumns()` Retrieves whether columns in this database may be defined as non-nullable.
    `boolean` | `supportsOpenCursorsAcrossCommit()` Retrieves whether this database supports keeping cursors open across commits.
    `boolean` | `supportsOpenCursorsAcrossRollback()` Retrieves whether this database supports keeping cursors open across rollbacks.
    `boolean` | `supportsOpenStatementsAcrossCommit()` Retrieves whether this database supports keeping statements open across commits.
    `boolean` | `supportsOpenStatementsAcrossRollback()` Retrieves whether this database supports keeping statements open across rollbacks.
    `boolean` | `supportsOrderByUnrelated()` Retrieves whether this database supports using a column that is not in the `SELECT` statement in an `ORDER BY` clause.
    `boolean` | `supportsOuterJoins()` Retrieves whether this database supports some form of outer join.
    `boolean` | `supportsPositionedDelete()` Retrieves whether this database supports positioned `DELETE` statements.
    `boolean` | `supportsPositionedUpdate()` Retrieves whether this database supports positioned `UPDATE` statements.
    `default boolean` | `supportsRefCursors()` Retrieves whether this database supports REF CURSOR.
    `boolean` | `supportsResultSetConcurrency(int type, int concurrency)` Retrieves whether this database supports the given concurrency type in combination with the given result set type.
    `boolean` | `supportsResultSetHoldability(int holdability)` Retrieves whether this database supports the given result set holdability.
    `boolean` | `supportsResultSetType(int type)` Retrieves whether this database supports the given result set type.
    `boolean` | `supportsSavepoints()` Retrieves whether this database supports savepoints.
    `boolean` | `supportsSchemasInDataManipulation()` Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a data manipulation statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsSchemasInIndexDefinitions()` Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in an index definition statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsSchemasInPrivilegeDefinitions()` Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a privilege definition statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsSchemasInProcedureCalls()` Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a procedure call statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsSchemasInTableDefinitions()` Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a table definition statement.
    `boolean` | `supportsSelectForUpdate()` Retrieves whether this database supports `SELECT FOR UPDATE` statements.
    `boolean` | `supportsStatementPooling()` Retrieves whether this database supports statement pooling.
    `boolean` | `supportsStoredFunctionsUsingCallSyntax()` Retrieves whether this database supports invoking user-defined or vendor functions using the stored procedure escape syntax.
    `boolean` | `supportsStoredProcedures()` Retrieves whether this database supports stored procedure calls that use the stored procedure escape syntax.
    `boolean` | `supportsSubqueriesInComparisons()` Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in comparison expressions.
    `boolean` | `supportsSubqueriesInExists()` Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in `EXISTS` expressions.
    `boolean` | `supportsSubqueriesInIns()` Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in `IN` expressions.
    `boolean` | `supportsSubqueriesInQuantifieds()` Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in quantified expressions.
    `boolean` | `supportsTableCorrelationNames()` Retrieves whether this database supports table correlation names.
    `boolean` | `supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int level)` Retrieves whether this database supports the given transaction isolation level.
    `boolean` | `supportsTransactions()` Retrieves whether this database supports transactions.
    `boolean` | `supportsUnion()` Retrieves whether this database supports SQL `UNION`.
    `boolean` | `supportsUnionAll()` Retrieves whether this database supports SQL `UNION ALL`.
    `boolean` | `updatesAreDetected(int type)` Retrieves whether or not a visible row update can be detected by calling the method `ResultSet.rowUpdated`.
    `boolean` | `usesLocalFilePerTable()` Retrieves whether this database uses a file for each table.
    `boolean` | `usesLocalFiles()` Retrieves whether this database stores tables in a local file.

    - ### Methods inherited from interface java.sql.Wrapper

      `isWrapperFor, unwrap`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### procedureResultUnknown

          static final int procedureResultUnknown

      Indicates that it is not known whether the procedure returns a result.

      A possible value for column `PROCEDURE_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getProcedures`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureNoResult

          static final int procedureNoResult

      Indicates that the procedure does not return a result.

      A possible value for column `PROCEDURE_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getProcedures`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureReturnsResult

          static final int procedureReturnsResult

      Indicates that the procedure returns a result.

      A possible value for column `PROCEDURE_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getProcedures`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureColumnUnknown

          static final int procedureColumnUnknown

      Indicates that type of the column is unknown.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureColumnIn

          static final int procedureColumnIn

      Indicates that the column stores IN parameters.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureColumnInOut

          static final int procedureColumnInOut

      Indicates that the column stores INOUT parameters.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureColumnOut

          static final int procedureColumnOut

      Indicates that the column stores OUT parameters.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureColumnReturn

          static final int procedureColumnReturn

      Indicates that the column stores return values.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureColumnResult

          static final int procedureColumnResult

      Indicates that the column stores results.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureNoNulls

          static final int procedureNoNulls

      Indicates that `NULL` values are not allowed.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureNullable

          static final int procedureNullable

      Indicates that `NULL` values are allowed.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### procedureNullableUnknown

          static final int procedureNullableUnknown

      Indicates that whether `NULL` values are allowed is unknown.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getProcedureColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### columnNoNulls

          static final int columnNoNulls

      Indicates that the column might not allow `NULL` values.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### columnNullable

          static final int columnNullable

      Indicates that the column definitely allows `NULL` values.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### columnNullableUnknown

          static final int columnNullableUnknown

      Indicates that the nullability of columns is unknown.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### bestRowTemporary

          static final int bestRowTemporary

      Indicates that the scope of the best row identifier is very temporary, lasting only while the row is being used.

      A possible value for the column `SCOPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getBestRowIdentifier`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### bestRowTransaction

          static final int bestRowTransaction

      Indicates that the scope of the best row identifier is the remainder of the current transaction.

      A possible value for the column `SCOPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getBestRowIdentifier`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### bestRowSession

          static final int bestRowSession

      Indicates that the scope of the best row identifier is the remainder of the current session.

      A possible value for the column `SCOPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getBestRowIdentifier`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### bestRowUnknown

          static final int bestRowUnknown

      Indicates that the best row identifier may or may not be a pseudo column.

      A possible value for the column `PSEUDO_COLUMN` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getBestRowIdentifier`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### bestRowNotPseudo

          static final int bestRowNotPseudo

      Indicates that the best row identifier is NOT a pseudo column.

      A possible value for the column `PSEUDO_COLUMN` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getBestRowIdentifier`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### bestRowPseudo

          static final int bestRowPseudo

      Indicates that the best row identifier is a pseudo column.

      A possible value for the column `PSEUDO_COLUMN` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getBestRowIdentifier`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### versionColumnUnknown

          static final int versionColumnUnknown

      Indicates that this version column may or may not be a pseudo column.

      A possible value for the column `PSEUDO_COLUMN` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getVersionColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### versionColumnNotPseudo

          static final int versionColumnNotPseudo

      Indicates that this version column is NOT a pseudo column.

      A possible value for the column `PSEUDO_COLUMN` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getVersionColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### versionColumnPseudo

          static final int versionColumnPseudo

      Indicates that this version column is a pseudo column.

      A possible value for the column `PSEUDO_COLUMN` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getVersionColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeyCascade

          static final int importedKeyCascade

      For the column `UPDATE_RULE`, indicates that when the primary key is updated, the foreign key (imported key) is changed to agree with it. For the column `DELETE_RULE`, it indicates that when the primary key is deleted, rows that imported that key are deleted.

      A possible value for the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeyRestrict

          static final int importedKeyRestrict

      For the column `UPDATE_RULE`, indicates that a primary key may not be updated if it has been imported by another table as a foreign key. For the column `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that a primary key may not be deleted if it has been imported by another table as a foreign key.

      A possible value for the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeySetNull

          static final int importedKeySetNull

      For the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that when the primary key is updated or deleted, the foreign key (imported key) is changed to `NULL`.

      A possible value for the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeyNoAction

          static final int importedKeyNoAction

      For the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that if the primary key has been imported, it cannot be updated or deleted.

      A possible value for the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeySetDefault

          static final int importedKeySetDefault

      For the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE`, indicates that if the primary key is updated or deleted, the foreign key (imported key) is set to the default value.

      A possible value for the columns `UPDATE_RULE` and `DELETE_RULE` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeyInitiallyDeferred

          static final int importedKeyInitiallyDeferred

      Indicates deferrability. See SQL-92 for a definition.

      A possible value for the column `DEFERRABILITY` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeyInitiallyImmediate

          static final int importedKeyInitiallyImmediate

      Indicates deferrability. See SQL-92 for a definition.

      A possible value for the column `DEFERRABILITY` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### importedKeyNotDeferrable

          static final int importedKeyNotDeferrable

      Indicates deferrability. See SQL-92 for a definition.

      A possible value for the column `DEFERRABILITY` in the `ResultSet` objects returned by the methods `getImportedKeys`, `getExportedKeys`, and `getCrossReference`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typeNoNulls

          static final int typeNoNulls

      Indicates that a `NULL` value is NOT allowed for this data type.

      A possible value for column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typeNullable

          static final int typeNullable

      Indicates that a `NULL` value is allowed for this data type.

      A possible value for column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typeNullableUnknown

          static final int typeNullableUnknown

      Indicates that it is not known whether a `NULL` value is allowed for this data type.

      A possible value for column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typePredNone

          static final int typePredNone

      Indicates that `WHERE` search clauses are not supported for this type.

      A possible value for column `SEARCHABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typePredChar

          static final int typePredChar

      Indicates that the data type can be only be used in `WHERE` search clauses that use `LIKE` predicates.

      A possible value for column `SEARCHABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typePredBasic

          static final int typePredBasic

      Indicates that the data type can be only be used in `WHERE` search clauses that do not use `LIKE` predicates.

      A possible value for column `SEARCHABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### typeSearchable

          static final int typeSearchable

      Indicates that all `WHERE` search clauses can be based on this type.

      A possible value for column `SEARCHABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getTypeInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### tableIndexStatistic

          static final short tableIndexStatistic

      Indicates that this column contains table statistics that are returned in conjunction with a table's index descriptions.

      A possible value for column `TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getIndexInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### tableIndexClustered

          static final short tableIndexClustered

      Indicates that this table index is a clustered index.

      A possible value for column `TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getIndexInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### tableIndexHashed

          static final short tableIndexHashed

      Indicates that this table index is a hashed index.

      A possible value for column `TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getIndexInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### tableIndexOther

          static final short tableIndexOther

      Indicates that this table index is not a clustered index, a hashed index, or table statistics; it is something other than these.

      A possible value for column `TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getIndexInfo`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### attributeNoNulls

          static final short attributeNoNulls

      Indicates that `NULL` values might not be allowed.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getAttributes`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### attributeNullable

          static final short attributeNullable

      Indicates that `NULL` values are definitely allowed.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getAttributes`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### attributeNullableUnknown

          static final short attributeNullableUnknown

      Indicates that whether `NULL` values are allowed is not known.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getAttributes`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### sqlStateXOpen

          static final int sqlStateXOpen

      A possible return value for the method `DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType` which is used to indicate whether the value returned by the method `SQLException.getSQLState` is an X/Open (now know as Open Group) SQL CLI SQLSTATE value.

      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### sqlStateSQL

          static final int sqlStateSQL

      A possible return value for the method `DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType` which is used to indicate whether the value returned by the method `SQLException.getSQLState` is an SQLSTATE value.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### sqlStateSQL99

          static final int sqlStateSQL99

      A possible return value for the method `DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType` which is used to indicate whether the value returned by the method `SQLException.getSQLState` is an SQL99 SQLSTATE value.

      Note:This constant remains only for compatibility reasons. Developers should use the constant `sqlStateSQL` instead.

      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionColumnUnknown

          static final int functionColumnUnknown

      Indicates that type of the parameter or column is unknown.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionColumnIn

          static final int functionColumnIn

      Indicates that the parameter or column is an IN parameter.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionColumnInOut

          static final int functionColumnInOut

      Indicates that the parameter or column is an INOUT parameter.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionColumnOut

          static final int functionColumnOut

      Indicates that the parameter or column is an OUT parameter.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionReturn

          static final int functionReturn

      Indicates that the parameter or column is a return value.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionColumnResult

          static final int functionColumnResult

      Indicates that the parameter or column is a column in a result set.

      A possible value for the column `COLUMN_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionNoNulls

          static final int functionNoNulls

      Indicates that `NULL` values are not allowed.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionNullable

          static final int functionNullable

      Indicates that `NULL` values are allowed.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionNullableUnknown

          static final int functionNullableUnknown

      Indicates that whether `NULL` values are allowed is unknown.

      A possible value for the column `NULLABLE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getFunctionColumns`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionResultUnknown

          static final int functionResultUnknown

      Indicates that it is not known whether the function returns a result or a table.

      A possible value for column `FUNCTION_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getFunctions`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionNoTable

          static final int functionNoTable

      Indicates that the function does not return a table.

      A possible value for column `FUNCTION_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getFunctions`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### functionReturnsTable

          static final int functionReturnsTable

      Indicates that the function returns a table.

      A possible value for column `FUNCTION_TYPE` in the `ResultSet` object returned by the method `getFunctions`.

      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### allProceduresAreCallable

          boolean allProceduresAreCallable()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether the current user can call all the procedures returned by the method `getProcedures`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### allTablesAreSelectable

          boolean allTablesAreSelectable()
                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether the current user can use all the tables returned by the method `getTables` in a `SELECT` statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getURL

          String getURL()
                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves the URL for this DBMS.
      Returns:
        the URL for this DBMS or `null` if it cannot be generated
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getUserName

          String getUserName()
                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves the user name as known to this database.
      Returns:
        the database user name
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### isReadOnly

          boolean isReadOnly()
                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database is in read-only mode.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### nullsAreSortedHigh

          boolean nullsAreSortedHigh()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted high. Sorted high means that `NULL` values sort higher than any other value in a domain. In an ascending order, if this method returns `true`, `NULL` values will appear at the end. By contrast, the method `nullsAreSortedAtEnd` indicates whether `NULL` values are sorted at the end regardless of sort order.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### nullsAreSortedLow

          boolean nullsAreSortedLow()
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted low. Sorted low means that `NULL` values sort lower than any other value in a domain. In an ascending order, if this method returns `true`, `NULL` values will appear at the beginning. By contrast, the method `nullsAreSortedAtStart` indicates whether `NULL` values are sorted at the beginning regardless of sort order.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### nullsAreSortedAtStart

          boolean nullsAreSortedAtStart()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted at the start regardless of sort order.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### nullsAreSortedAtEnd

          boolean nullsAreSortedAtEnd()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether `NULL` values are sorted at the end regardless of sort order.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getDatabaseProductName

          String getDatabaseProductName()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves the name of this database product.
      Returns:
        database product name
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getDatabaseProductVersion

          String getDatabaseProductVersion()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves the version number of this database product.
      Returns:
        database version number
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getDriverName

          String getDriverName()
                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves the name of this JDBC driver.
      Returns:
        JDBC driver name
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getDriverVersion

          String getDriverVersion()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves the version number of this JDBC driver as a `String`.
      Returns:
        JDBC driver version
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getDriverMajorVersion

          int getDriverMajorVersion()

      Retrieves this JDBC driver's major version number.
      Returns:
        JDBC driver major version

    - #### getDriverMinorVersion

          int getDriverMinorVersion()

      Retrieves this JDBC driver's minor version number.
      Returns:
        JDBC driver minor version number

    - #### usesLocalFiles

          boolean usesLocalFiles()
                          throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database stores tables in a local file.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### usesLocalFilePerTable

          boolean usesLocalFilePerTable()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database uses a file for each table.
      Returns:
        `true` if this database uses a local file for each table; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsMixedCaseIdentifiers

          boolean supportsMixedCaseIdentifiers()
                                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case sensitive and as a result stores them in mixed case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### storesUpperCaseIdentifiers

          boolean storesUpperCaseIdentifiers()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in upper case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### storesLowerCaseIdentifiers

          boolean storesLowerCaseIdentifiers()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in lower case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### storesMixedCaseIdentifiers

          boolean storesMixedCaseIdentifiers()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case unquoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in mixed case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers

          boolean supportsMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers()
                                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case sensitive and as a result stores them in mixed case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### storesUpperCaseQuotedIdentifiers

          boolean storesUpperCaseQuotedIdentifiers()
                                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in upper case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### storesLowerCaseQuotedIdentifiers

          boolean storesLowerCaseQuotedIdentifiers()
                                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in lower case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### storesMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers

          boolean storesMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers()
                                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database treats mixed case quoted SQL identifiers as case insensitive and stores them in mixed case.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getIdentifierQuoteString

          String getIdentifierQuoteString()
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves the string used to quote SQL identifiers. This method returns a space " " if identifier quoting is not supported.
      Returns:
        the quoting string or a space if quoting is not supported
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getSQLKeywords

          String getSQLKeywords()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves a comma-separated list of all of this database's SQL keywords that are NOT also SQL:2003 keywords.
      Returns:
        the list of this database's keywords that are not also SQL:2003 keywords
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getNumericFunctions

          String getNumericFunctions()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves a comma-separated list of math functions available with this database. These are the Open /Open CLI math function names used in the JDBC function escape clause.
      Returns:
        the list of math functions supported by this database
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getStringFunctions

          String getStringFunctions()
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves a comma-separated list of string functions available with this database. These are the Open Group CLI string function names used in the JDBC function escape clause.
      Returns:
        the list of string functions supported by this database
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getSystemFunctions

          String getSystemFunctions()
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves a comma-separated list of system functions available with this database. These are the Open Group CLI system function names used in the JDBC function escape clause.
      Returns:
        a list of system functions supported by this database
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getTimeDateFunctions

          String getTimeDateFunctions()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves a comma-separated list of the time and date functions available with this database.
      Returns:
        the list of time and date functions supported by this database
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getSearchStringEscape

          String getSearchStringEscape()
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves the string that can be used to escape wildcard characters. This is the string that can be used to escape '_' or '%' in the catalog search parameters that are a pattern (and therefore use one of the wildcard characters).

      The '_' character represents any single character; the '%' character represents any sequence of zero or more characters.

      Returns:
        the string used to escape wildcard characters
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getExtraNameCharacters

          String getExtraNameCharacters()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves all the "extra" characters that can be used in unquoted identifier names (those beyond a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _).
      Returns:
        the string containing the extra characters
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsAlterTableWithAddColumn

          boolean supportsAlterTableWithAddColumn()
                                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports `ALTER TABLE` with add column.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsAlterTableWithDropColumn

          boolean supportsAlterTableWithDropColumn()
                                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports `ALTER TABLE` with drop column.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsColumnAliasing

          boolean supportsColumnAliasing()
                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports column aliasing.

      If so, the SQL AS clause can be used to provide names for computed columns or to provide alias names for columns as required.

      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### nullPlusNonNullIsNull

          boolean nullPlusNonNullIsNull()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports concatenations between `NULL` and non-`NULL` values being `NULL`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsConvert

          boolean supportsConvert()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the JDBC scalar function `CONVERT` for the conversion of one JDBC type to another. The JDBC types are the generic SQL data types defined in `java.sql.Types`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsConvert

          boolean supportsConvert(int fromType,
                                  int toType)
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the JDBC scalar function `CONVERT` for conversions between the JDBC types fromType and toType. The JDBC types are the generic SQL data types defined in `java.sql.Types`.
      Parameters:
        `fromType` - the type to convert from; one of the type codes from the class `java.sql.Types`
        `toType` - the type to convert to; one of the type codes from the class `java.sql.Types`
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `Types`

    - #### supportsTableCorrelationNames

          boolean supportsTableCorrelationNames()
                                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports table correlation names.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsDifferentTableCorrelationNames

          boolean supportsDifferentTableCorrelationNames()
                                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether, when table correlation names are supported, they are restricted to being different from the names of the tables.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsExpressionsInOrderBy

          boolean supportsExpressionsInOrderBy()
                                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports expressions in `ORDER BY` lists.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsOrderByUnrelated

          boolean supportsOrderByUnrelated()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports using a column that is not in the `SELECT` statement in an `ORDER BY` clause.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsGroupBy

          boolean supportsGroupBy()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports some form of `GROUP BY` clause.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsGroupByUnrelated

          boolean supportsGroupByUnrelated()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports using a column that is not in the `SELECT` statement in a `GROUP BY` clause.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsGroupByBeyondSelect

          boolean supportsGroupByBeyondSelect()
                                       throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports using columns not included in the `SELECT` statement in a `GROUP BY` clause provided that all of the columns in the `SELECT` statement are included in the `GROUP BY` clause.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsLikeEscapeClause

          boolean supportsLikeEscapeClause()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports specifying a `LIKE` escape clause.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsMultipleResultSets

          boolean supportsMultipleResultSets()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports getting multiple `ResultSet` objects from a single call to the method `execute`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsMultipleTransactions

          boolean supportsMultipleTransactions()
                                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database allows having multiple transactions open at once (on different connections).
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsNonNullableColumns

          boolean supportsNonNullableColumns()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether columns in this database may be defined as non-nullable.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsMinimumSQLGrammar

          boolean supportsMinimumSQLGrammar()
                                     throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the ODBC Minimum SQL grammar.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCoreSQLGrammar

          boolean supportsCoreSQLGrammar()
                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the ODBC Core SQL grammar.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsExtendedSQLGrammar

          boolean supportsExtendedSQLGrammar()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the ODBC Extended SQL grammar.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsANSI92EntryLevelSQL

          boolean supportsANSI92EntryLevelSQL()
                                       throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the ANSI92 entry level SQL grammar.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsANSI92IntermediateSQL

          boolean supportsANSI92IntermediateSQL()
                                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the ANSI92 intermediate SQL grammar supported.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsANSI92FullSQL

          boolean supportsANSI92FullSQL()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the ANSI92 full SQL grammar supported.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsIntegrityEnhancementFacility

          boolean supportsIntegrityEnhancementFacility()
                                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the SQL Integrity Enhancement Facility.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsOuterJoins

          boolean supportsOuterJoins()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports some form of outer join.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsFullOuterJoins

          boolean supportsFullOuterJoins()
                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports full nested outer joins.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsLimitedOuterJoins

          boolean supportsLimitedOuterJoins()
                                     throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database provides limited support for outer joins. (This will be `true` if the method `supportsFullOuterJoins` returns `true`).
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getSchemaTerm

          String getSchemaTerm()
                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves the database vendor's preferred term for "schema".
      Returns:
        the vendor term for "schema"
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getProcedureTerm

          String getProcedureTerm()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves the database vendor's preferred term for "procedure".
      Returns:
        the vendor term for "procedure"
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getCatalogTerm

          String getCatalogTerm()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves the database vendor's preferred term for "catalog".
      Returns:
        the vendor term for "catalog"
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### isCatalogAtStart

          boolean isCatalogAtStart()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a catalog appears at the start of a fully qualified table name. If not, the catalog appears at the end.
      Returns:
        `true` if the catalog name appears at the beginning of a fully qualified table name; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getCatalogSeparator

          String getCatalogSeparator()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves the `String` that this database uses as the separator between a catalog and table name.
      Returns:
        the separator string
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSchemasInDataManipulation

          boolean supportsSchemasInDataManipulation()
                                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a data manipulation statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSchemasInProcedureCalls

          boolean supportsSchemasInProcedureCalls()
                                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a procedure call statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSchemasInTableDefinitions

          boolean supportsSchemasInTableDefinitions()
                                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a table definition statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSchemasInIndexDefinitions

          boolean supportsSchemasInIndexDefinitions()
                                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in an index definition statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSchemasInPrivilegeDefinitions

          boolean supportsSchemasInPrivilegeDefinitions()
                                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a schema name can be used in a privilege definition statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCatalogsInDataManipulation

          boolean supportsCatalogsInDataManipulation()
                                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a data manipulation statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCatalogsInProcedureCalls

          boolean supportsCatalogsInProcedureCalls()
                                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a procedure call statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCatalogsInTableDefinitions

          boolean supportsCatalogsInTableDefinitions()
                                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a table definition statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCatalogsInIndexDefinitions

          boolean supportsCatalogsInIndexDefinitions()
                                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in an index definition statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCatalogsInPrivilegeDefinitions

          boolean supportsCatalogsInPrivilegeDefinitions()
                                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a catalog name can be used in a privilege definition statement.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsPositionedDelete

          boolean supportsPositionedDelete()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports positioned `DELETE` statements.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsPositionedUpdate

          boolean supportsPositionedUpdate()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports positioned `UPDATE` statements.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSelectForUpdate

          boolean supportsSelectForUpdate()
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports `SELECT FOR UPDATE` statements.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsStoredProcedures

          boolean supportsStoredProcedures()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports stored procedure calls that use the stored procedure escape syntax.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSubqueriesInComparisons

          boolean supportsSubqueriesInComparisons()
                                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in comparison expressions.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSubqueriesInExists

          boolean supportsSubqueriesInExists()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in `EXISTS` expressions.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSubqueriesInIns

          boolean supportsSubqueriesInIns()
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in `IN` expressions.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsSubqueriesInQuantifieds

          boolean supportsSubqueriesInQuantifieds()
                                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports subqueries in quantified expressions.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsCorrelatedSubqueries

          boolean supportsCorrelatedSubqueries()
                                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports correlated subqueries.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsUnion

          boolean supportsUnion()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports SQL `UNION`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsUnionAll

          boolean supportsUnionAll()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports SQL `UNION ALL`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsOpenCursorsAcrossCommit

          boolean supportsOpenCursorsAcrossCommit()
                                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports keeping cursors open across commits.
      Returns:
        `true` if cursors always remain open; `false` if they might not remain open
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsOpenCursorsAcrossRollback

          boolean supportsOpenCursorsAcrossRollback()
                                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports keeping cursors open across rollbacks.
      Returns:
        `true` if cursors always remain open; `false` if they might not remain open
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsOpenStatementsAcrossCommit

          boolean supportsOpenStatementsAcrossCommit()
                                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports keeping statements open across commits.
      Returns:
        `true` if statements always remain open; `false` if they might not remain open
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsOpenStatementsAcrossRollback

          boolean supportsOpenStatementsAcrossRollback()
                                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports keeping statements open across rollbacks.
      Returns:
        `true` if statements always remain open; `false` if they might not remain open
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxBinaryLiteralLength

          int getMaxBinaryLiteralLength()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of hex characters this database allows in an inline binary literal.
      Returns:
        max the maximum length (in hex characters) for a binary literal; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxCharLiteralLength

          int getMaxCharLiteralLength()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows for a character literal.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed for a character literal; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxColumnNameLength

          int getMaxColumnNameLength()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows for a column name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed for a column name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxColumnsInGroupBy

          int getMaxColumnsInGroupBy()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in a `GROUP BY` clause.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of columns allowed; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxColumnsInIndex

          int getMaxColumnsInIndex()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in an index.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of columns allowed; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxColumnsInOrderBy

          int getMaxColumnsInOrderBy()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in an `ORDER BY` clause.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of columns allowed; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxColumnsInSelect

          int getMaxColumnsInSelect()
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in a `SELECT` list.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of columns allowed; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxColumnsInTable

          int getMaxColumnsInTable()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of columns this database allows in a table.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of columns allowed; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxConnections

          int getMaxConnections()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of concurrent connections to this database that are possible.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of active connections possible at one time; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxCursorNameLength

          int getMaxCursorNameLength()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a cursor name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed in a cursor name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxIndexLength

          int getMaxIndexLength()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of bytes this database allows for an index, including all of the parts of the index.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of bytes allowed; this limit includes the composite of all the constituent parts of the index; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxSchemaNameLength

          int getMaxSchemaNameLength()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a schema name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed in a schema name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxProcedureNameLength

          int getMaxProcedureNameLength()
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a procedure name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed in a procedure name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxCatalogNameLength

          int getMaxCatalogNameLength()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters that this database allows in a catalog name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed in a catalog name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxRowSize

          int getMaxRowSize()
                     throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of bytes this database allows in a single row.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of bytes allowed for a row; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### doesMaxRowSizeIncludeBlobs

          boolean doesMaxRowSizeIncludeBlobs()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether the return value for the method `getMaxRowSize` includes the SQL data types `LONGVARCHAR` and `LONGVARBINARY`.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxStatementLength

          int getMaxStatementLength()
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows in an SQL statement.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed for an SQL statement; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxStatements

          int getMaxStatements()
                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of active statements to this database that can be open at the same time.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of statements that can be open at one time; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxTableNameLength

          int getMaxTableNameLength()
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows in a table name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed for a table name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxTablesInSelect

          int getMaxTablesInSelect()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of tables this database allows in a `SELECT` statement.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of tables allowed in a `SELECT` statement; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getMaxUserNameLength

          int getMaxUserNameLength()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of characters this database allows in a user name.
      Returns:
        the maximum number of characters allowed for a user name; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getDefaultTransactionIsolation

          int getDefaultTransactionIsolation()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves this database's default transaction isolation level. The possible values are defined in `java.sql.Connection`.
      Returns:
        the default isolation level
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `Connection`

    - #### supportsTransactions

          boolean supportsTransactions()
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports transactions. If not, invoking the method `commit` is a noop, and the isolation level is `TRANSACTION_NONE`.
      Returns:
        `true` if transactions are supported; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsTransactionIsolationLevel

          boolean supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int level)
                                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the given transaction isolation level.
      Parameters:
        `level` - one of the transaction isolation levels defined in `java.sql.Connection`
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `Connection`

    - #### supportsDataDefinitionAndDataManipulationTransactions

          boolean supportsDataDefinitionAndDataManipulationTransactions()
                                                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports both data definition and data manipulation statements within a transaction.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsDataManipulationTransactionsOnly

          boolean supportsDataManipulationTransactionsOnly()
                                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports only data manipulation statements within a transaction.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### dataDefinitionCausesTransactionCommit

          boolean dataDefinitionCausesTransactionCommit()
                                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a data definition statement within a transaction forces the transaction to commit.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### dataDefinitionIgnoredInTransactions

          boolean dataDefinitionIgnoredInTransactions()
                                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database ignores a data definition statement within a transaction.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getProcedures

          ResultSet getProcedures(String catalog,
                                  String schemaPattern,
                                  String procedureNamePattern)
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the stored procedures available in the given catalog.

      Only procedure descriptions matching the schema and procedure name criteria are returned. They are ordered by `PROCEDURE_CAT`, `PROCEDURE_SCHEM`, `PROCEDURE_NAME` and `SPECIFIC_ NAME`.

      Each procedure description has the the following columns:

      1. PROCEDURE_CAT String `=>` procedure catalog (may be `null`)
      2. PROCEDURE_SCHEM String `=>` procedure schema (may be `null`)
      3. PROCEDURE_NAME String `=>` procedure name
      4. reserved for future use
      5. reserved for future use
      6. reserved for future use
      7. REMARKS String `=>` explanatory comment on the procedure
      8. PROCEDURE_TYPE short `=>` kind of procedure:
         - procedureResultUnknown - Cannot determine if a return value will be returned
         - procedureNoResult - Does not return a return value
         - procedureReturnsResult - Returns a return value
      9. SPECIFIC_NAME String `=>` The name which uniquely identifies this procedure within its schema.

      A user may not have permissions to execute any of the procedures that are returned by `getProcedures`

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `procedureNamePattern` - a procedure name pattern; must match the procedure name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a procedure description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getProcedureColumns

          ResultSet getProcedureColumns(String catalog,
                                        String schemaPattern,
                                        String procedureNamePattern,
                                        String columnNamePattern)
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the given catalog's stored procedure parameter and result columns.

      Only descriptions matching the schema, procedure and parameter name criteria are returned. They are ordered by PROCEDURE_CAT, PROCEDURE_SCHEM, PROCEDURE_NAME and SPECIFIC_NAME. Within this, the return value, if any, is first. Next are the parameter descriptions in call order. The column descriptions follow in column number order.

      Each row in the `ResultSet` is a parameter description or column description with the following fields:

      1. PROCEDURE_CAT String `=>` procedure catalog (may be `null`)
      2. PROCEDURE_SCHEM String `=>` procedure schema (may be `null`)
      3. PROCEDURE_NAME String `=>` procedure name
      4. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column/parameter name
      5. COLUMN_TYPE Short `=>` kind of column/parameter:
         - procedureColumnUnknown - nobody knows
         - procedureColumnIn - IN parameter
         - procedureColumnInOut - INOUT parameter
         - procedureColumnOut - OUT parameter
         - procedureColumnReturn - procedure return value
         - procedureColumnResult - result column in `ResultSet`
      6. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL type from java.sql.Types
      7. TYPE_NAME String `=>` SQL type name, for a UDT type the type name is fully qualified
      8. PRECISION int `=>` precision
      9. LENGTH int `=>` length in bytes of data
      10. SCALE short `=>` scale - null is returned for data types where SCALE is not applicable.
      11. RADIX short `=>` radix
      12. NULLABLE short `=>` can it contain NULL.
          - procedureNoNulls - does not allow NULL values
          - procedureNullable - allows NULL values
          - procedureNullableUnknown - nullability unknown
      13. REMARKS String `=>` comment describing parameter/column
      14. COLUMN_DEF String `=>` default value for the column, which should be interpreted as a string when the value is enclosed in single quotes (may be `null`)
          - The string NULL (not enclosed in quotes) - if NULL was specified as the default value
          - TRUNCATE (not enclosed in quotes) - if the specified default value cannot be represented without truncation
          - NULL - if a default value was not specified
      15. SQL_DATA_TYPE int `=>` reserved for future use
      16. SQL_DATETIME_SUB int `=>` reserved for future use
      17. CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH int `=>` the maximum length of binary and character based columns. For any other datatype the returned value is a NULL
      18. ORDINAL_POSITION int `=>` the ordinal position, starting from 1, for the input and output parameters for a procedure. A value of 0 is returned if this row describes the procedure's return value. For result set columns, it is the ordinal position of the column in the result set starting from 1. If there are multiple result sets, the column ordinal positions are implementation defined.
      19. IS_NULLABLE String `=>` ISO rules are used to determine the nullability for a column.
          - YES --- if the column can include NULLs
          - NO --- if the column cannot include NULLs
          - empty string --- if the nullability for the column is unknown
      20. SPECIFIC_NAME String `=>` the name which uniquely identifies this procedure within its schema.

      Note: Some databases may not return the column descriptions for a procedure.

      The PRECISION column represents the specified column size for the given column. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `procedureNamePattern` - a procedure name pattern; must match the procedure name as it is stored in the database
        `columnNamePattern` - a column name pattern; must match the column name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row describes a stored procedure parameter or column
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getTables

          ResultSet getTables(String catalog,
                              String schemaPattern,
                              String tableNamePattern,
                              String[] types)
                       throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the tables available in the given catalog. Only table descriptions matching the catalog, schema, table name and type criteria are returned. They are ordered by `TABLE_TYPE`, `TABLE_CAT`, `TABLE_SCHEM` and `TABLE_NAME`.

      Each table description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. TABLE_TYPE String `=>` table type. Typical types are "TABLE", "VIEW", "SYSTEM TABLE", "GLOBAL TEMPORARY", "LOCAL TEMPORARY", "ALIAS", "SYNONYM".
      5. REMARKS String `=>` explanatory comment on the table
      6. TYPE_CAT String `=>` the types catalog (may be `null`)
      7. TYPE_SCHEM String `=>` the types schema (may be `null`)
      8. TYPE_NAME String `=>` type name (may be `null`)
      9. SELF_REFERENCING_COL_NAME String `=>` name of the designated "identifier" column of a typed table (may be `null`)
      10. REF_GENERATION String `=>` specifies how values in SELF_REFERENCING_COL_NAME are created. Values are "SYSTEM", "USER", "DERIVED". (may be `null`)

      Note: Some databases may not return information for all tables.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `tableNamePattern` - a table name pattern; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
        `types` - a list of table types, which must be from the list of table types returned from `getTableTypes()`,to include; `null` returns all types
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a table description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getSchemas

          ResultSet getSchemas()
                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves the schema names available in this database. The results are ordered by `TABLE_CATALOG` and `TABLE_SCHEM`.

      The schema columns are:

      1. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` schema name
      2. TABLE_CATALOG String `=>` catalog name (may be `null`)
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is a schema description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getCatalogs

          ResultSet getCatalogs()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves the catalog names available in this database. The results are ordered by catalog name.

      The catalog column is:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` catalog name
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row has a single `String` column that is a catalog name
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getTableTypes

          ResultSet getTableTypes()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves the table types available in this database. The results are ordered by table type.

      The table type is:

      1. TABLE_TYPE String `=>` table type. Typical types are "TABLE", "VIEW", "SYSTEM TABLE", "GLOBAL TEMPORARY", "LOCAL TEMPORARY", "ALIAS", "SYNONYM".
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row has a single `String` column that is a table type
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getColumns

          ResultSet getColumns(String catalog,
                               String schemaPattern,
                               String tableNamePattern,
                               String columnNamePattern)
                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of table columns available in the specified catalog.

      Only column descriptions matching the catalog, schema, table and column name criteria are returned. They are ordered by `TABLE_CAT`,`TABLE_SCHEM`, `TABLE_NAME`, and `ORDINAL_POSITION`.

      Each column description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name
      5. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL type from java.sql.Types
      6. TYPE_NAME String `=>` Data source dependent type name, for a UDT the type name is fully qualified
      7. COLUMN_SIZE int `=>` column size.
      8. BUFFER_LENGTH is not used.
      9. DECIMAL_DIGITS int `=>` the number of fractional digits. Null is returned for data types where DECIMAL_DIGITS is not applicable.
      10. NUM_PREC_RADIX int `=>` Radix (typically either 10 or 2)
      11. NULLABLE int `=>` is NULL allowed.
          - columnNoNulls - might not allow `NULL` values
          - columnNullable - definitely allows `NULL` values
          - columnNullableUnknown - nullability unknown
      12. REMARKS String `=>` comment describing column (may be `null`)
      13. COLUMN_DEF String `=>` default value for the column, which should be interpreted as a string when the value is enclosed in single quotes (may be `null`)
      14. SQL_DATA_TYPE int `=>` unused
      15. SQL_DATETIME_SUB int `=>` unused
      16. CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH int `=>` for char types the maximum number of bytes in the column
      17. ORDINAL_POSITION int `=>` index of column in table (starting at 1)
      18. IS_NULLABLE String `=>` ISO rules are used to determine the nullability for a column.
          - YES --- if the column can include NULLs
          - NO --- if the column cannot include NULLs
          - empty string --- if the nullability for the column is unknown
      19. SCOPE_CATALOG String `=>` catalog of table that is the scope of a reference attribute (`null` if DATA_TYPE isn't REF)
      20. SCOPE_SCHEMA String `=>` schema of table that is the scope of a reference attribute (`null` if the DATA_TYPE isn't REF)
      21. SCOPE_TABLE String `=>` table name that this the scope of a reference attribute (`null` if the DATA_TYPE isn't REF)
      22. SOURCE_DATA_TYPE short `=>` source type of a distinct type or user-generated Ref type, SQL type from java.sql.Types (`null` if DATA_TYPE isn't DISTINCT or user-generated REF)
      23. IS_AUTOINCREMENT String `=>` Indicates whether this column is auto incremented
          - YES --- if the column is auto incremented
          - NO --- if the column is not auto incremented
          - empty string --- if it cannot be determined whether the column is auto incremented
      24. IS_GENERATEDCOLUMN String `=>` Indicates whether this is a generated column
          - YES --- if this a generated column
          - NO --- if this not a generated column
          - empty string --- if it cannot be determined whether this is a generated column

      The COLUMN_SIZE column specifies the column size for the given column. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `tableNamePattern` - a table name pattern; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
        `columnNamePattern` - a column name pattern; must match the column name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getColumnPrivileges

          ResultSet getColumnPrivileges(String catalog,
                                        String schema,
                                        String table,
                                        String columnNamePattern)
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the access rights for a table's columns.

      Only privileges matching the column name criteria are returned. They are ordered by COLUMN_NAME and PRIVILEGE.

      Each privilege description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name
      5. GRANTOR String `=>` grantor of access (may be `null`)
      6. GRANTEE String `=>` grantee of access
      7. PRIVILEGE String `=>` name of access (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, REFRENCES, ...)
      8. IS_GRANTABLE String `=>` "YES" if grantee is permitted to grant to others; "NO" if not; `null` if unknown
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
        `columnNamePattern` - a column name pattern; must match the column name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a column privilege description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getTablePrivileges

          ResultSet getTablePrivileges(String catalog,
                                       String schemaPattern,
                                       String tableNamePattern)
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the access rights for each table available in a catalog. Note that a table privilege applies to one or more columns in the table. It would be wrong to assume that this privilege applies to all columns (this may be true for some systems but is not true for all.)

      Only privileges matching the schema and table name criteria are returned. They are ordered by `TABLE_CAT`, `TABLE_SCHEM`, `TABLE_NAME`, and `PRIVILEGE`.

      Each privilege description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. GRANTOR String `=>` grantor of access (may be `null`)
      5. GRANTEE String `=>` grantee of access
      6. PRIVILEGE String `=>` name of access (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, REFRENCES, ...)
      7. IS_GRANTABLE String `=>` "YES" if grantee is permitted to grant to others; "NO" if not; `null` if unknown
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `tableNamePattern` - a table name pattern; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a table privilege description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getBestRowIdentifier

          ResultSet getBestRowIdentifier(String catalog,
                                         String schema,
                                         String table,
                                         int scope,
                                         boolean nullable)
                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of a table's optimal set of columns that uniquely identifies a row. They are ordered by SCOPE.

      Each column description has the following columns:

      1. SCOPE short `=>` actual scope of result
         - bestRowTemporary - very temporary, while using row
         - bestRowTransaction - valid for remainder of current transaction
         - bestRowSession - valid for remainder of current session
      2. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name
      3. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL data type from java.sql.Types
      4. TYPE_NAME String `=>` Data source dependent type name, for a UDT the type name is fully qualified
      5. COLUMN_SIZE int `=>` precision
      6. BUFFER_LENGTH int `=>` not used
      7. DECIMAL_DIGITS short `=>` scale - Null is returned for data types where DECIMAL_DIGITS is not applicable.
      8. PSEUDO_COLUMN short `=>` is this a pseudo column like an Oracle ROWID
         - bestRowUnknown - may or may not be pseudo column
         - bestRowNotPseudo - is NOT a pseudo column
         - bestRowPseudo - is a pseudo column

      The COLUMN_SIZE column represents the specified column size for the given column. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
        `scope` - the scope of interest; use same values as SCOPE
        `nullable` - include columns that are nullable.
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getVersionColumns

          ResultSet getVersionColumns(String catalog,
                                      String schema,
                                      String table)
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of a table's columns that are automatically updated when any value in a row is updated. They are unordered.

      Each column description has the following columns:

      1. SCOPE short `=>` is not used
      2. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name
      3. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL data type from `java.sql.Types`
      4. TYPE_NAME String `=>` Data source-dependent type name
      5. COLUMN_SIZE int `=>` precision
      6. BUFFER_LENGTH int `=>` length of column value in bytes
      7. DECIMAL_DIGITS short `=>` scale - Null is returned for data types where DECIMAL_DIGITS is not applicable.
      8. PSEUDO_COLUMN short `=>` whether this is pseudo column like an Oracle ROWID
         - versionColumnUnknown - may or may not be pseudo column
         - versionColumnNotPseudo - is NOT a pseudo column
         - versionColumnPseudo - is a pseudo column

      The COLUMN_SIZE column represents the specified column size for the given column. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is a column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getPrimaryKeys

          ResultSet getPrimaryKeys(String catalog,
                                   String schema,
                                   String table)
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the given table's primary key columns. They are ordered by COLUMN_NAME.

      Each primary key column description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name
      5. KEY_SEQ short `=>` sequence number within primary key( a value of 1 represents the first column of the primary key, a value of 2 would represent the second column within the primary key).
      6. PK_NAME String `=>` primary key name (may be `null`)
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a primary key column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getImportedKeys

          ResultSet getImportedKeys(String catalog,
                                    String schema,
                                    String table)
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the primary key columns that are referenced by the given table's foreign key columns (the primary keys imported by a table). They are ordered by PKTABLE_CAT, PKTABLE_SCHEM, PKTABLE_NAME, and KEY_SEQ.

      Each primary key column description has the following columns:

      1. PKTABLE_CAT String `=>` primary key table catalog being imported (may be `null`)
      2. PKTABLE_SCHEM String `=>` primary key table schema being imported (may be `null`)
      3. PKTABLE_NAME String `=>` primary key table name being imported
      4. PKCOLUMN_NAME String `=>` primary key column name being imported
      5. FKTABLE_CAT String `=>` foreign key table catalog (may be `null`)
      6. FKTABLE_SCHEM String `=>` foreign key table schema (may be `null`)
      7. FKTABLE_NAME String `=>` foreign key table name
      8. FKCOLUMN_NAME String `=>` foreign key column name
      9. KEY_SEQ short `=>` sequence number within a foreign key( a value of 1 represents the first column of the foreign key, a value of 2 would represent the second column within the foreign key).
      10. UPDATE_RULE short `=>` What happens to a foreign key when the primary key is updated:
          - importedNoAction - do not allow update of primary key if it has been imported
          - importedKeyCascade - change imported key to agree with primary key update
          - importedKeySetNull - change imported key to `NULL` if its primary key has been updated
          - importedKeySetDefault - change imported key to default values if its primary key has been updated
          - importedKeyRestrict - same as importedKeyNoAction (for ODBC 2.x compatibility)
      11. DELETE_RULE short `=>` What happens to the foreign key when primary is deleted.
          - importedKeyNoAction - do not allow delete of primary key if it has been imported
          - importedKeyCascade - delete rows that import a deleted key
          - importedKeySetNull - change imported key to NULL if its primary key has been deleted
          - importedKeyRestrict - same as importedKeyNoAction (for ODBC 2.x compatibility)
          - importedKeySetDefault - change imported key to default if its primary key has been deleted
      12. FK_NAME String `=>` foreign key name (may be `null`)
      13. PK_NAME String `=>` primary key name (may be `null`)
      14. DEFERRABILITY short `=>` can the evaluation of foreign key constraints be deferred until commit
          - importedKeyInitiallyDeferred - see SQL92 for definition
          - importedKeyInitiallyImmediate - see SQL92 for definition
          - importedKeyNotDeferrable - see SQL92 for definition
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a primary key column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getExportedKeys(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getExportedKeys

          ResultSet getExportedKeys(String catalog,
                                    String schema,
                                    String table)
                             throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the foreign key columns that reference the given table's primary key columns (the foreign keys exported by a table). They are ordered by FKTABLE_CAT, FKTABLE_SCHEM, FKTABLE_NAME, and KEY_SEQ.

      Each foreign key column description has the following columns:

      1. PKTABLE_CAT String `=>` primary key table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. PKTABLE_SCHEM String `=>` primary key table schema (may be `null`)
      3. PKTABLE_NAME String `=>` primary key table name
      4. PKCOLUMN_NAME String `=>` primary key column name
      5. FKTABLE_CAT String `=>` foreign key table catalog (may be `null`) being exported (may be `null`)
      6. FKTABLE_SCHEM String `=>` foreign key table schema (may be `null`) being exported (may be `null`)
      7. FKTABLE_NAME String `=>` foreign key table name being exported
      8. FKCOLUMN_NAME String `=>` foreign key column name being exported
      9. KEY_SEQ short `=>` sequence number within foreign key( a value of 1 represents the first column of the foreign key, a value of 2 would represent the second column within the foreign key).
      10. UPDATE_RULE short `=>` What happens to foreign key when primary is updated:
          - importedNoAction - do not allow update of primary key if it has been imported
          - importedKeyCascade - change imported key to agree with primary key update
          - importedKeySetNull - change imported key to `NULL` if its primary key has been updated
          - importedKeySetDefault - change imported key to default values if its primary key has been updated
          - importedKeyRestrict - same as importedKeyNoAction (for ODBC 2.x compatibility)
      11. DELETE_RULE short `=>` What happens to the foreign key when primary is deleted.
          - importedKeyNoAction - do not allow delete of primary key if it has been imported
          - importedKeyCascade - delete rows that import a deleted key
          - importedKeySetNull - change imported key to `NULL` if its primary key has been deleted
          - importedKeyRestrict - same as importedKeyNoAction (for ODBC 2.x compatibility)
          - importedKeySetDefault - change imported key to default if its primary key has been deleted
      12. FK_NAME String `=>` foreign key name (may be `null`)
      13. PK_NAME String `=>` primary key name (may be `null`)
      14. DEFERRABILITY short `=>` can the evaluation of foreign key constraints be deferred until commit
          - importedKeyInitiallyDeferred - see SQL92 for definition
          - importedKeyInitiallyImmediate - see SQL92 for definition
          - importedKeyNotDeferrable - see SQL92 for definition
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in this database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in this database
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is a foreign key column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getImportedKeys(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getCrossReference

          ResultSet getCrossReference(String parentCatalog,
                                      String parentSchema,
                                      String parentTable,
                                      String foreignCatalog,
                                      String foreignSchema,
                                      String foreignTable)
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the foreign key columns in the given foreign key table that reference the primary key or the columns representing a unique constraint of the parent table (could be the same or a different table). The number of columns returned from the parent table must match the number of columns that make up the foreign key. They are ordered by FKTABLE_CAT, FKTABLE_SCHEM, FKTABLE_NAME, and KEY_SEQ.

      Each foreign key column description has the following columns:

      1. PKTABLE_CAT String `=>` parent key table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. PKTABLE_SCHEM String `=>` parent key table schema (may be `null`)
      3. PKTABLE_NAME String `=>` parent key table name
      4. PKCOLUMN_NAME String `=>` parent key column name
      5. FKTABLE_CAT String `=>` foreign key table catalog (may be `null`) being exported (may be `null`)
      6. FKTABLE_SCHEM String `=>` foreign key table schema (may be `null`) being exported (may be `null`)
      7. FKTABLE_NAME String `=>` foreign key table name being exported
      8. FKCOLUMN_NAME String `=>` foreign key column name being exported
      9. KEY_SEQ short `=>` sequence number within foreign key( a value of 1 represents the first column of the foreign key, a value of 2 would represent the second column within the foreign key).
      10. UPDATE_RULE short `=>` What happens to foreign key when parent key is updated:
          - importedNoAction - do not allow update of parent key if it has been imported
          - importedKeyCascade - change imported key to agree with parent key update
          - importedKeySetNull - change imported key to `NULL` if its parent key has been updated
          - importedKeySetDefault - change imported key to default values if its parent key has been updated
          - importedKeyRestrict - same as importedKeyNoAction (for ODBC 2.x compatibility)
      11. DELETE_RULE short `=>` What happens to the foreign key when parent key is deleted.
          - importedKeyNoAction - do not allow delete of parent key if it has been imported
          - importedKeyCascade - delete rows that import a deleted key
          - importedKeySetNull - change imported key to `NULL` if its primary key has been deleted
          - importedKeyRestrict - same as importedKeyNoAction (for ODBC 2.x compatibility)
          - importedKeySetDefault - change imported key to default if its parent key has been deleted
      12. FK_NAME String `=>` foreign key name (may be `null`)
      13. PK_NAME String `=>` parent key name (may be `null`)
      14. DEFERRABILITY short `=>` can the evaluation of foreign key constraints be deferred until commit
          - importedKeyInitiallyDeferred - see SQL92 for definition
          - importedKeyInitiallyImmediate - see SQL92 for definition
          - importedKeyNotDeferrable - see SQL92 for definition
      Parameters:
        `parentCatalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means drop catalog name from the selection criteria
        `parentSchema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means drop schema name from the selection criteria
        `parentTable` - the name of the table that exports the key; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
        `foreignCatalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means drop catalog name from the selection criteria
        `foreignSchema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means drop schema name from the selection criteria
        `foreignTable` - the name of the table that imports the key; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a foreign key column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
        `getImportedKeys(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getTypeInfo

          ResultSet getTypeInfo()
                         throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of all the data types supported by this database. They are ordered by DATA_TYPE and then by how closely the data type maps to the corresponding JDBC SQL type.

      If the database supports SQL distinct types, then getTypeInfo() will return a single row with a TYPE_NAME of DISTINCT and a DATA_TYPE of Types.DISTINCT. If the database supports SQL structured types, then getTypeInfo() will return a single row with a TYPE_NAME of STRUCT and a DATA_TYPE of Types.STRUCT.

      If SQL distinct or structured types are supported, then information on the individual types may be obtained from the getUDTs() method.

      Each type description has the following columns:

      1. TYPE_NAME String `=>` Type name
      2. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL data type from java.sql.Types
      3. PRECISION int `=>` maximum precision
      4. LITERAL_PREFIX String `=>` prefix used to quote a literal (may be `null`)
      5. LITERAL_SUFFIX String `=>` suffix used to quote a literal (may be `null`)
      6. CREATE_PARAMS String `=>` parameters used in creating the type (may be `null`)
      7. NULLABLE short `=>` can you use NULL for this type.
         - typeNoNulls - does not allow NULL values
         - typeNullable - allows NULL values
         - typeNullableUnknown - nullability unknown
      8. CASE_SENSITIVE boolean`=>` is it case sensitive.
      9. SEARCHABLE short `=>` can you use "WHERE" based on this type:
         - typePredNone - No support
         - typePredChar - Only supported with WHERE .. LIKE
         - typePredBasic - Supported except for WHERE .. LIKE
         - typeSearchable - Supported for all WHERE ..
      10. UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE boolean `=>` is it unsigned.
      11. FIXED_PREC_SCALE boolean `=>` can it be a money value.
      12. AUTO_INCREMENT boolean `=>` can it be used for an auto-increment value.
      13. LOCAL_TYPE_NAME String `=>` localized version of type name (may be `null`)
      14. MINIMUM_SCALE short `=>` minimum scale supported
      15. MAXIMUM_SCALE short `=>` maximum scale supported
      16. SQL_DATA_TYPE int `=>` unused
      17. SQL_DATETIME_SUB int `=>` unused
      18. NUM_PREC_RADIX int `=>` usually 2 or 10

      The PRECISION column represents the maximum column size that the server supports for the given datatype. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is an SQL type description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### getIndexInfo

          ResultSet getIndexInfo(String catalog,
                                 String schema,
                                 String table,
                                 boolean unique,
                                 boolean approximate)
                          throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the given table's indices and statistics. They are ordered by NON_UNIQUE, TYPE, INDEX_NAME, and ORDINAL_POSITION.

      Each index column description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. NON_UNIQUE boolean `=>` Can index values be non-unique. false when TYPE is tableIndexStatistic
      5. INDEX_QUALIFIER String `=>` index catalog (may be `null`); `null` when TYPE is tableIndexStatistic
      6. INDEX_NAME String `=>` index name; `null` when TYPE is tableIndexStatistic
      7. TYPE short `=>` index type:
         - tableIndexStatistic - this identifies table statistics that are returned in conjuction with a table's index descriptions
         - tableIndexClustered - this is a clustered index
         - tableIndexHashed - this is a hashed index
         - tableIndexOther - this is some other style of index
      8. ORDINAL_POSITION short `=>` column sequence number within index; zero when TYPE is tableIndexStatistic
      9. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name; `null` when TYPE is tableIndexStatistic
      10. ASC_OR_DESC String `=>` column sort sequence, "A" `=>` ascending, "D" `=>` descending, may be `null` if sort sequence is not supported; `null` when TYPE is tableIndexStatistic
      11. CARDINALITY long `=>` When TYPE is tableIndexStatistic, then this is the number of rows in the table; otherwise, it is the number of unique values in the index.
      12. PAGES long `=>` When TYPE is tableIndexStatisic then this is the number of pages used for the table, otherwise it is the number of pages used for the current index.
      13. FILTER_CONDITION String `=>` Filter condition, if any. (may be `null`)
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in this database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schema` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in this database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `table` - a table name; must match the table name as it is stored in this database
        `unique` - when true, return only indices for unique values; when false, return indices regardless of whether unique or not
        `approximate` - when true, result is allowed to reflect approximate or out of data values; when false, results are requested to be accurate
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is an index column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

    - #### supportsResultSetType

          boolean supportsResultSetType(int type)
                                 throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the given result set type.
      Parameters:
        `type` - defined in `java.sql.ResultSet`
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Connection`

    - #### supportsResultSetConcurrency

          boolean supportsResultSetConcurrency(int type,
                                               int concurrency)
                                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the given concurrency type in combination with the given result set type.
      Parameters:
        `type` - defined in `java.sql.ResultSet`
        `concurrency` - type defined in `java.sql.ResultSet`
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `Connection`

    - #### ownUpdatesAreVisible

          boolean ownUpdatesAreVisible(int type)
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether for the given type of `ResultSet` object, the result set's own updates are visible.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if updates are visible for the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### ownDeletesAreVisible

          boolean ownDeletesAreVisible(int type)
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a result set's own deletes are visible.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if deletes are visible for the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### ownInsertsAreVisible

          boolean ownInsertsAreVisible(int type)
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a result set's own inserts are visible.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if inserts are visible for the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### othersUpdatesAreVisible

          boolean othersUpdatesAreVisible(int type)
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether updates made by others are visible.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if updates made by others are visible for the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### othersDeletesAreVisible

          boolean othersDeletesAreVisible(int type)
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether deletes made by others are visible.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if deletes made by others are visible for the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### othersInsertsAreVisible

          boolean othersInsertsAreVisible(int type)
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether inserts made by others are visible.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if inserts made by others are visible for the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### updatesAreDetected

          boolean updatesAreDetected(int type)
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether or not a visible row update can be detected by calling the method `ResultSet.rowUpdated`.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if changes are detected by the result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### deletesAreDetected

          boolean deletesAreDetected(int type)
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether or not a visible row delete can be detected by calling the method `ResultSet.rowDeleted`. If the method `deletesAreDetected` returns `false`, it means that deleted rows are removed from the result set.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if deletes are detected by the given result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### insertsAreDetected

          boolean insertsAreDetected(int type)
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether or not a visible row insert can be detected by calling the method `ResultSet.rowInserted`.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the `ResultSet` type; one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
      Returns:
        `true` if changes are detected by the specified result set type; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### supportsBatchUpdates

          boolean supportsBatchUpdates()
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports batch updates.
      Returns:
        `true` if this database supports batch updates; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### getUDTs

          ResultSet getUDTs(String catalog,
                            String schemaPattern,
                            String typeNamePattern,
                            int[] types)
                     throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the user-defined types (UDTs) defined in a particular schema. Schema-specific UDTs may have type `JAVA_OBJECT`, `STRUCT`, or `DISTINCT`.

      Only types matching the catalog, schema, type name and type criteria are returned. They are ordered by `DATA_TYPE`, `TYPE_CAT`, `TYPE_SCHEM` and `TYPE_NAME`. The type name parameter may be a fully-qualified name. In this case, the catalog and schemaPattern parameters are ignored.

      Each type description has the following columns:

      1. TYPE_CAT String `=>` the type's catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TYPE_SCHEM String `=>` type's schema (may be `null`)
      3. TYPE_NAME String `=>` type name
      4. CLASS_NAME String `=>` Java class name
      5. DATA_TYPE int `=>` type value defined in java.sql.Types. One of JAVA_OBJECT, STRUCT, or DISTINCT
      6. REMARKS String `=>` explanatory comment on the type
      7. BASE_TYPE short `=>` type code of the source type of a DISTINCT type or the type that implements the user-generated reference type of the SELF_REFERENCING_COLUMN of a structured type as defined in java.sql.Types (`null` if DATA_TYPE is not DISTINCT or not STRUCT with REFERENCE_GENERATION = USER_DEFINED)

      Note: If the driver does not support UDTs, an empty result set is returned.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema pattern name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `typeNamePattern` - a type name pattern; must match the type name as it is stored in the database; may be a fully qualified name
        `types` - a list of user-defined types (JAVA_OBJECT, STRUCT, or DISTINCT) to include; `null` returns all types
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` object in which each row describes a UDT
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getConnection

          Connection getConnection()
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves the connection that produced this metadata object.

      Returns:
        the connection that produced this metadata object
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### supportsSavepoints

          boolean supportsSavepoints()
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports savepoints.
      Returns:
        `true` if savepoints are supported; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### supportsNamedParameters

          boolean supportsNamedParameters()
                                   throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports named parameters to callable statements.
      Returns:
        `true` if named parameters are supported; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### supportsMultipleOpenResults

          boolean supportsMultipleOpenResults()
                                       throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether it is possible to have multiple `ResultSet` objects returned from a `CallableStatement` object simultaneously.
      Returns:
        `true` if a `CallableStatement` object can return multiple `ResultSet` objects simultaneously; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a datanase access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### supportsGetGeneratedKeys

          boolean supportsGetGeneratedKeys()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether auto-generated keys can be retrieved after a statement has been executed
      Returns:
        `true` if auto-generated keys can be retrieved after a statement has executed; `false` otherwise

        If `true` is returned, the JDBC driver must support the returning of auto-generated keys for at least SQL INSERT statements

      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getSuperTypes

          ResultSet getSuperTypes(String catalog,
                                  String schemaPattern,
                                  String typeNamePattern)
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the user-defined type (UDT) hierarchies defined in a particular schema in this database. Only the immediate super type/ sub type relationship is modeled.

      Only supertype information for UDTs matching the catalog, schema, and type name is returned. The type name parameter may be a fully-qualified name. When the UDT name supplied is a fully-qualified name, the catalog and schemaPattern parameters are ignored.

      If a UDT does not have a direct super type, it is not listed here. A row of the `ResultSet` object returned by this method describes the designated UDT and a direct supertype. A row has the following columns:

      1. TYPE_CAT String `=>` the UDT's catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TYPE_SCHEM String `=>` UDT's schema (may be `null`)
      3. TYPE_NAME String `=>` type name of the UDT
      4. SUPERTYPE_CAT String `=>` the direct super type's catalog (may be `null`)
      5. SUPERTYPE_SCHEM String `=>` the direct super type's schema (may be `null`)
      6. SUPERTYPE_NAME String `=>` the direct super type's name

      Note: If the driver does not support type hierarchies, an empty result set is returned.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means drop catalog name from the selection criteria
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; "" retrieves those without a schema
        `typeNamePattern` - a UDT name pattern; may be a fully-qualified name
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which a row gives information about the designated UDT
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getSuperTables

          ResultSet getSuperTables(String catalog,
                                   String schemaPattern,
                                   String tableNamePattern)
                            throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the table hierarchies defined in a particular schema in this database.

      Only supertable information for tables matching the catalog, schema and table name are returned. The table name parameter may be a fully- qualified name, in which case, the catalog and schemaPattern parameters are ignored. If a table does not have a super table, it is not listed here. Supertables have to be defined in the same catalog and schema as the sub tables. Therefore, the type description does not need to include this information for the supertable.

      Each type description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` the type's catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` type's schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` type name
      4. SUPERTABLE_NAME String `=>` the direct super type's name

      Note: If the driver does not support type hierarchies, an empty result set is returned.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means drop catalog name from the selection criteria
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; "" retrieves those without a schema
        `tableNamePattern` - a table name pattern; may be a fully-qualified name
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is a type description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getAttributes

          ResultSet getAttributes(String catalog,
                                  String schemaPattern,
                                  String typeNamePattern,
                                  String attributeNamePattern)
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the given attribute of the given type for a user-defined type (UDT) that is available in the given schema and catalog.

      Descriptions are returned only for attributes of UDTs matching the catalog, schema, type, and attribute name criteria. They are ordered by `TYPE_CAT`, `TYPE_SCHEM`, `TYPE_NAME` and `ORDINAL_POSITION`. This description does not contain inherited attributes.

      The `ResultSet` object that is returned has the following columns:

      1. TYPE_CAT String `=>` type catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TYPE_SCHEM String `=>` type schema (may be `null`)
      3. TYPE_NAME String `=>` type name
      4. ATTR_NAME String `=>` attribute name
      5. DATA_TYPE int `=>` attribute type SQL type from java.sql.Types
      6. ATTR_TYPE_NAME String `=>` Data source dependent type name. For a UDT, the type name is fully qualified. For a REF, the type name is fully qualified and represents the target type of the reference type.
      7. ATTR_SIZE int `=>` column size. For char or date types this is the maximum number of characters; for numeric or decimal types this is precision.
      8. DECIMAL_DIGITS int `=>` the number of fractional digits. Null is returned for data types where DECIMAL_DIGITS is not applicable.
      9. NUM_PREC_RADIX int `=>` Radix (typically either 10 or 2)
      10. NULLABLE int `=>` whether NULL is allowed
          - attributeNoNulls - might not allow NULL values
          - attributeNullable - definitely allows NULL values
          - attributeNullableUnknown - nullability unknown
      11. REMARKS String `=>` comment describing column (may be `null`)
      12. ATTR_DEF String `=>` default value (may be `null`)
      13. SQL_DATA_TYPE int `=>` unused
      14. SQL_DATETIME_SUB int `=>` unused
      15. CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH int `=>` for char types the maximum number of bytes in the column
      16. ORDINAL_POSITION int `=>` index of the attribute in the UDT (starting at 1)
      17. IS_NULLABLE String `=>` ISO rules are used to determine the nullability for a attribute.
          - YES --- if the attribute can include NULLs
          - NO --- if the attribute cannot include NULLs
          - empty string --- if the nullability for the attribute is unknown
      18. SCOPE_CATALOG String `=>` catalog of table that is the scope of a reference attribute (`null` if DATA_TYPE isn't REF)
      19. SCOPE_SCHEMA String `=>` schema of table that is the scope of a reference attribute (`null` if DATA_TYPE isn't REF)
      20. SCOPE_TABLE String `=>` table name that is the scope of a reference attribute (`null` if the DATA_TYPE isn't REF)
      21. SOURCE_DATA_TYPE short `=>` source type of a distinct type or user-generated Ref type,SQL type from java.sql.Types (`null` if DATA_TYPE isn't DISTINCT or user-generated REF)
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `typeNamePattern` - a type name pattern; must match the type name as it is stored in the database
        `attributeNamePattern` - an attribute name pattern; must match the attribute name as it is declared in the database
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is an attribute description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### supportsResultSetHoldability

          boolean supportsResultSetHoldability(int holdability)
                                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports the given result set holdability.
      Parameters:
        `holdability` - one of the following constants: `ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT` or `ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT`
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4
      See Also:
        `Connection`

    - #### getResultSetHoldability

          int getResultSetHoldability()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves this database's default holdability for `ResultSet` objects.
      Returns:
        the default holdability; either `ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT` or `ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT`
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getDatabaseMajorVersion

          int getDatabaseMajorVersion()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves the major version number of the underlying database.
      Returns:
        the underlying database's major version
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getDatabaseMinorVersion

          int getDatabaseMinorVersion()
                               throws SQLException

      Retrieves the minor version number of the underlying database.
      Returns:
        underlying database's minor version
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getJDBCMajorVersion

          int getJDBCMajorVersion()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves the major JDBC version number for this driver.
      Returns:
        JDBC version major number
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getJDBCMinorVersion

          int getJDBCMinorVersion()
                           throws SQLException

      Retrieves the minor JDBC version number for this driver.
      Returns:
        JDBC version minor number
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getSQLStateType

          int getSQLStateType()
                       throws SQLException

      Indicates whether the SQLSTATE returned by `SQLException.getSQLState` is X/Open (now known as Open Group) SQL CLI or SQL:2003.
      Returns:
        the type of SQLSTATE; one of: sqlStateXOpen or sqlStateSQL
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### locatorsUpdateCopy

          boolean locatorsUpdateCopy()
                              throws SQLException

      Indicates whether updates made to a LOB are made on a copy or directly to the LOB.
      Returns:
        `true` if updates are made to a copy of the LOB; `false` if updates are made directly to the LOB
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### supportsStatementPooling

          boolean supportsStatementPooling()
                                    throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports statement pooling.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.4

    - #### getRowIdLifetime

          RowIdLifetime getRowIdLifetime()
                                  throws SQLException

      Indicates whether or not this data source supports the SQL `ROWID` type, and if so the lifetime for which a `RowId` object remains valid.

      The returned int values have the following relationship:

               ROWID_UNSUPPORTED < ROWID_VALID_OTHER < ROWID_VALID_TRANSACTION
                   < ROWID_VALID_SESSION < ROWID_VALID_FOREVER

      so conditional logic such as

               if (metadata.getRowIdLifetime() > DatabaseMetaData.ROWID_VALID_TRANSACTION)

      can be used. Valid Forever means valid across all Sessions, and valid for a Session means valid across all its contained Transactions.
      Returns:
        the status indicating the lifetime of a `RowId`
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.6

    - #### getSchemas

          ResultSet getSchemas(String catalog,
                               String schemaPattern)
                        throws SQLException

      Retrieves the schema names available in this database. The results are ordered by `TABLE_CATALOG` and `TABLE_SCHEM`.

      The schema columns are:

      1. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` schema name
      2. TABLE_CATALOG String `=>` catalog name (may be `null`)
      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database;"" retrieves those without a catalog; null means catalog name should not be used to narrow down the search.
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; null means schema name should not be used to narrow down the search.
      Returns:
        a `ResultSet` object in which each row is a schema description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### supportsStoredFunctionsUsingCallSyntax

          boolean supportsStoredFunctionsUsingCallSyntax()
                                                  throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports invoking user-defined or vendor functions using the stored procedure escape syntax.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.6

    - #### autoCommitFailureClosesAllResultSets

          boolean autoCommitFailureClosesAllResultSets()
                                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a `SQLException` while autoCommit is `true` indicates that all open ResultSets are closed, even ones that are holdable. When a `SQLException` occurs while autocommit is `true`, it is vendor specific whether the JDBC driver responds with a commit operation, a rollback operation, or by doing neither a commit nor a rollback. A potential result of this difference is in whether or not holdable ResultSets are closed.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.6

    - #### getClientInfoProperties

          ResultSet getClientInfoProperties()
                                     throws SQLException

      Retrieves a list of the client info properties that the driver supports. The result set contains the following columns
      1. NAME String`=>` The name of the client info property
      2. MAX_LEN int`=>` The maximum length of the value for the property
      3. DEFAULT_VALUE String`=>` The default value of the property
      4. DESCRIPTION String`=>` A description of the property. This will typically contain information as to where this property is stored in the database.

      The `ResultSet` is sorted by the NAME column

      Returns:
        A `ResultSet` object; each row is a supported client info property

      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

      Since:
        1.6

    - #### getFunctions

          ResultSet getFunctions(String catalog,
                                 String schemaPattern,
                                 String functionNamePattern)
                          throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the system and user functions available in the given catalog.

      Only system and user function descriptions matching the schema and function name criteria are returned. They are ordered by `FUNCTION_CAT`, `FUNCTION_SCHEM`, `FUNCTION_NAME` and `SPECIFIC_ NAME`.

      Each function description has the the following columns:

      1. FUNCTION_CAT String `=>` function catalog (may be `null`)
      2. FUNCTION_SCHEM String `=>` function schema (may be `null`)
      3. FUNCTION_NAME String `=>` function name. This is the name used to invoke the function
      4. REMARKS String `=>` explanatory comment on the function
      5. FUNCTION_TYPE short `=>` kind of function:
         - functionResultUnknown - Cannot determine if a return value or table will be returned
         - functionNoTable- Does not return a table
         - functionReturnsTable - Returns a table
      6. SPECIFIC_NAME String `=>` the name which uniquely identifies this function within its schema. This is a user specified, or DBMS generated, name that may be different then the `FUNCTION_NAME` for example with overload functions

      A user may not have permission to execute any of the functions that are returned by `getFunctions`

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `functionNamePattern` - a function name pattern; must match the function name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a function description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getFunctionColumns

          ResultSet getFunctionColumns(String catalog,
                                       String schemaPattern,
                                       String functionNamePattern,
                                       String columnNamePattern)
                                throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the given catalog's system or user function parameters and return type.

      Only descriptions matching the schema, function and parameter name criteria are returned. They are ordered by `FUNCTION_CAT`, `FUNCTION_SCHEM`, `FUNCTION_NAME` and `SPECIFIC_ NAME`. Within this, the return value, if any, is first. Next are the parameter descriptions in call order. The column descriptions follow in column number order.

      Each row in the `ResultSet` is a parameter description, column description or return type description with the following fields:

      1. FUNCTION_CAT String `=>` function catalog (may be `null`)
      2. FUNCTION_SCHEM String `=>` function schema (may be `null`)
      3. FUNCTION_NAME String `=>` function name. This is the name used to invoke the function
      4. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column/parameter name
      5. COLUMN_TYPE Short `=>` kind of column/parameter:
         - functionColumnUnknown - nobody knows
         - functionColumnIn - IN parameter
         - functionColumnInOut - INOUT parameter
         - functionColumnOut - OUT parameter
         - functionColumnReturn - function return value
         - functionColumnResult - Indicates that the parameter or column is a column in the `ResultSet`
      6. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL type from java.sql.Types
      7. TYPE_NAME String `=>` SQL type name, for a UDT type the type name is fully qualified
      8. PRECISION int `=>` precision
      9. LENGTH int `=>` length in bytes of data
      10. SCALE short `=>` scale - null is returned for data types where SCALE is not applicable.
      11. RADIX short `=>` radix
      12. NULLABLE short `=>` can it contain NULL.
          - functionNoNulls - does not allow NULL values
          - functionNullable - allows NULL values
          - functionNullableUnknown - nullability unknown
      13. REMARKS String `=>` comment describing column/parameter
      14. CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH int `=>` the maximum length of binary and character based parameters or columns. For any other datatype the returned value is a NULL
      15. ORDINAL_POSITION int `=>` the ordinal position, starting from 1, for the input and output parameters. A value of 0 is returned if this row describes the function's return value. For result set columns, it is the ordinal position of the column in the result set starting from 1.
      16. IS_NULLABLE String `=>` ISO rules are used to determine the nullability for a parameter or column.
          - YES --- if the parameter or column can include NULLs
          - NO --- if the parameter or column cannot include NULLs
          - empty string --- if the nullability for the parameter or column is unknown
      17. SPECIFIC_NAME String `=>` the name which uniquely identifies this function within its schema. This is a user specified, or DBMS generated, name that may be different then the `FUNCTION_NAME` for example with overload functions

      The PRECISION column represents the specified column size for the given parameter or column. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `functionNamePattern` - a procedure name pattern; must match the function name as it is stored in the database
        `columnNamePattern` - a parameter name pattern; must match the parameter or column name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row describes a user function parameter, column or return type
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        `getSearchStringEscape()`

    - #### getPseudoColumns

          ResultSet getPseudoColumns(String catalog,
                                     String schemaPattern,
                                     String tableNamePattern,
                                     String columnNamePattern)
                              throws SQLException

      Retrieves a description of the pseudo or hidden columns available in a given table within the specified catalog and schema. Pseudo or hidden columns may not always be stored within a table and are not visible in a ResultSet unless they are specified in the query's outermost SELECT list. Pseudo or hidden columns may not necessarily be able to be modified. If there are no pseudo or hidden columns, an empty ResultSet is returned.

      Only column descriptions matching the catalog, schema, table and column name criteria are returned. They are ordered by `TABLE_CAT`,`TABLE_SCHEM`, `TABLE_NAME` and `COLUMN_NAME`.

      Each column description has the following columns:

      1. TABLE_CAT String `=>` table catalog (may be `null`)
      2. TABLE_SCHEM String `=>` table schema (may be `null`)
      3. TABLE_NAME String `=>` table name
      4. COLUMN_NAME String `=>` column name
      5. DATA_TYPE int `=>` SQL type from java.sql.Types
      6. COLUMN_SIZE int `=>` column size.
      7. DECIMAL_DIGITS int `=>` the number of fractional digits. Null is returned for data types where DECIMAL_DIGITS is not applicable.
      8. NUM_PREC_RADIX int `=>` Radix (typically either 10 or 2)
      9. COLUMN_USAGE String `=>` The allowed usage for the column. The value returned will correspond to the enum name returned by `PseudoColumnUsage.name()`
      10. REMARKS String `=>` comment describing column (may be `null`)
      11. CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH int `=>` for char types the maximum number of bytes in the column
      12. IS_NULLABLE String `=>` ISO rules are used to determine the nullability for a column.
          - YES --- if the column can include NULLs
          - NO --- if the column cannot include NULLs
          - empty string --- if the nullability for the column is unknown

      The COLUMN_SIZE column specifies the column size for the given column. For numeric data, this is the maximum precision. For character data, this is the length in characters. For datetime datatypes, this is the length in characters of the String representation (assuming the maximum allowed precision of the fractional seconds component). For binary data, this is the length in bytes. For the ROWID datatype, this is the length in bytes. Null is returned for data types where the column size is not applicable.

      Parameters:
        `catalog` - a catalog name; must match the catalog name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a catalog; `null` means that the catalog name should not be used to narrow the search
        `schemaPattern` - a schema name pattern; must match the schema name as it is stored in the database; "" retrieves those without a schema; `null` means that the schema name should not be used to narrow the search
        `tableNamePattern` - a table name pattern; must match the table name as it is stored in the database
        `columnNamePattern` - a column name pattern; must match the column name as it is stored in the database
      Returns:
        `ResultSet` - each row is a column description
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.7
      See Also:
        `PseudoColumnUsage`

    - #### generatedKeyAlwaysReturned

          boolean generatedKeyAlwaysReturned()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether a generated key will always be returned if the column name(s) or index(es) specified for the auto generated key column(s) are valid and the statement succeeds. The key that is returned may or may not be based on the column(s) for the auto generated key. Consult your JDBC driver documentation for additional details.
      Returns:
        `true` if so; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.7

    - #### getMaxLogicalLobSize

          default long getMaxLogicalLobSize()
                                     throws SQLException

      Retrieves the maximum number of bytes this database allows for the logical size for a `LOB`.

      The default implementation will return `0`

      Returns:
        the maximum number of bytes allowed; a result of zero means that there is no limit or the limit is not known
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.8

    - #### supportsRefCursors

          default boolean supportsRefCursors()
                                      throws SQLException

      Retrieves whether this database supports REF CURSOR.

      The default implementation will return `false`

      Returns:
        `true` if this database supports REF CURSOR; `false` otherwise
      Throws:
        `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      Since:
        1.8

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