.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later

.. _cec_pin_error_inj:

CEC Pin Framework Error Injection
=================================

The CEC Pin Framework is a core CEC framework for CEC hardware that only
has low-level support for the CEC bus. Most hardware today will have
high-level CEC support where the hardware deals with driving the CEC bus,
but some older devices aren't that fancy. However, this framework also
allows you to connect the CEC pin to a GPIO on e.g. a Raspberry Pi and
you have now made a CEC adapter.

What makes doing this so interesting is that since we have full control
over the bus it is easy to support error injection. This is ideal to
test how well CEC adapters can handle error conditions.

Currently only the cec-gpio driver (when the CEC line is directly
connected to a pull-up GPIO line) and the AllWinner A10/A20 drm driver
support this framework.

If ``CONFIG_CEC_PIN_ERROR_INJ`` is enabled, then error injection is available
through debugfs. Specifically, in ``/sys/kernel/debug/cec/cecX/`` there is
now an ``error-inj`` file.

.. note::

    The error injection commands are not a stable ABI and may change in the
    future.

With ``cat error-inj`` you can see both the possible commands and the current
error injection status::

	$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/cec/cec0/error-inj
	# Clear error injections:
	#   clear          clear all rx and tx error injections
	#   rx-clear       clear all rx error injections
	#   tx-clear       clear all tx error injections
	#   <op> clear     clear all rx and tx error injections for <op>
	#   <op> rx-clear  clear all rx error injections for <op>
	#   <op> tx-clear  clear all tx error injections for <op>
	#
	# RX error injection settings:
	#   rx-no-low-drive                    do not generate low-drive pulses
	#
	# RX error injection:
	#   <op>[,<mode>] rx-nack              NACK the message instead of sending an ACK
	#   <op>[,<mode>] rx-low-drive <bit>   force a low-drive condition at this bit position
	#   <op>[,<mode>] rx-add-byte          add a spurious byte to the received CEC message
	#   <op>[,<mode>] rx-remove-byte       remove the last byte from the received CEC message
	#    any[,<mode>] rx-arb-lost [<poll>] generate a POLL message to trigger an arbitration lost
	#
	# TX error injection settings:
	#   tx-ignore-nack-until-eom           ignore early NACKs until EOM
	#   tx-custom-low-usecs <usecs>        define the 'low' time for the custom pulse
	#   tx-custom-high-usecs <usecs>       define the 'high' time for the custom pulse
	#   tx-custom-pulse                    transmit the custom pulse once the bus is idle
	#   tx-glitch-low-usecs <usecs>        define the 'low' time for the glitch pulse
	#   tx-glitch-high-usecs <usecs>       define the 'high' time for the glitch pulse
	#   tx-glitch-falling-edge             send the glitch pulse after every falling edge
	#   tx-glitch-rising-edge              send the glitch pulse after every rising edge
	#
	# TX error injection:
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-no-eom            don't set the EOM bit
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-early-eom         set the EOM bit one byte too soon
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-add-bytes <num>   append <num> (1-255) spurious bytes to the message
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-remove-byte       drop the last byte from the message
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-short-bit <bit>   make this bit shorter than allowed
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-long-bit <bit>    make this bit longer than allowed
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-custom-bit <bit>  send the custom pulse instead of this bit
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-short-start       send a start pulse that's too short
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-long-start        send a start pulse that's too long
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-custom-start      send the custom pulse instead of the start pulse
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-last-bit <bit>    stop sending after this bit
	#   <op>[,<mode>] tx-low-drive <bit>   force a low-drive condition at this bit position
	#
	# <op>       CEC message opcode (0-255) or 'any'
	# <mode>     'once' (default), 'always', 'toggle' or 'off'
	# <bit>      CEC message bit (0-159)
	#            10 bits per 'byte': bits 0-7: data, bit 8: EOM, bit 9: ACK
	# <poll>     CEC poll message used to test arbitration lost (0x00-0xff, default 0x0f)
	# <usecs>    microseconds (0-10000000, default 1000)

	clear

You can write error injection commands to ``error-inj`` using
``echo 'cmd' >error-inj`` or ``cat cmd.txt >error-inj``. The ``cat error-inj``
output contains the current error commands. You can save the output to a file
and use it as an input to ``error-inj`` later.

Basic Syntax
------------

Leading spaces/tabs are ignored. If the next character is a ``#`` or the end
of the line was reached, then the whole line is ignored. Otherwise a command
is expected.

The error injection commands fall in two main groups: those relating to
receiving CEC messages and those relating to transmitting CEC messages. In
addition, there are commands to clear existing error injection commands and
to create custom pulses on the CEC bus.

Most error injection commands can be executed for specific CEC opcodes or for
all opcodes (``any``). Each command also has a 'mode' which can be ``off``
(can be used to turn off an existing error injection command), ``once``
(the default) which will trigger the error injection only once for the next
received or transmitted message, ``always`` to always trigger the error
injection and ``toggle`` to toggle the error injection on or off for every
transmit or receive.

So '``any rx-nack``' will NACK the next received CEC message,
'``any,always rx-nack``' will NACK all received CEC messages and
'``0x82,toggle rx-nack``' will only NACK if an Active Source message was
received and do that only for every other received message.

After an error was injected with mode ``once`` the error injection command
is cleared automatically, so ``once`` is a one-time deal.

All combinations of ``<op>`` and error injection commands can co-exist. So
this is fine::

	0x9e tx-add-bytes 1
	0x9e tx-early-eom
	0x9f tx-add-bytes 2
	any rx-nack

All four error injection commands will be active simultaneously.

However, if the same ``<op>`` and command combination is specified,
but with different arguments::

	0x9e tx-add-bytes 1
	0x9e tx-add-bytes 2

Then the second will overwrite the first.

Clear Error Injections
----------------------

``clear``
    Clear all error injections.

``rx-clear``
    Clear all receive error injections

``tx-clear``
    Clear all transmit error injections

``<op> clear``
    Clear all error injections for the given opcode.

``<op> rx-clear``
    Clear all receive error injections for the given opcode.

``<op> tx-clear``
    Clear all transmit error injections for the given opcode.

Receive Messages
----------------

``<op>[,<mode>] rx-nack``
    NACK broadcast messages and messages directed to this CEC adapter.
    Every byte of the message will be NACKed in case the transmitter
    keeps transmitting after the first byte was NACKed.

``<op>[,<mode>] rx-low-drive <bit>``
    Force a Low Drive condition at this bit position. If <op> specifies
    a specific CEC opcode then the bit position must be at least 18,
    otherwise the opcode hasn't been received yet. This tests if the
    transmitter can handle the Low Drive condition correctly and reports
    the error correctly. Note that a Low Drive in the first 4 bits can also
    be interpreted as an Arbitration Lost condition by the transmitter.
    This is implementation dependent.

``<op>[,<mode>] rx-add-byte``
    Add a spurious 0x55 byte to the received CEC message, provided
    the message was 15 bytes long or less. This is useful to test
    the high-level protocol since spurious bytes should be ignored.

``<op>[,<mode>] rx-remove-byte``
    Remove the last byte from the received CEC message, provided it
    was at least 2 bytes long. This is useful to test the high-level
    protocol since messages that are too short should be ignored.

``<op>[,<mode>] rx-arb-lost <poll>``
    Generate a POLL message to trigger an Arbitration Lost condition.
    This command is only allowed for ``<op>`` values of ``next`` or ``all``.
    As soon as a start bit has been received the CEC adapter will switch
    to transmit mode and it will transmit a POLL message. By default this is
    0x0f, but it can also be specified explicitly via the ``<poll>`` argument.

    This command can be used to test the Arbitration Lost condition in
    the remote CEC transmitter. Arbitration happens when two CEC adapters
    start sending a message at the same time. In that case the initiator
    with the most leading zeroes wins and the other transmitter has to
    stop transmitting ('Arbitration Lost'). This is very hard to test,
    except by using this error injection command.

    This does not work if the remote CEC transmitter has logical address
    0 ('TV') since that will always win.

``rx-no-low-drive``
    The receiver will ignore situations that would normally generate a
    Low Drive pulse (3.6 ms). This is typically done if a spurious pulse is
    detected when receiving a message, and it indicates to the transmitter that
    the message has to be retransmitted since the receiver got confused.
    Disabling this is useful to test how other CEC devices handle glitches
    by ensuring we will not be the one that generates a Low Drive.

Transmit Messages
-----------------

``tx-ignore-nack-until-eom``
    This setting changes the behavior of transmitting CEC messages. Normally
    as soon as the receiver NACKs a byte the transmit will stop, but the
    specification also allows that the full message is transmitted and only
    at the end will the transmitter look at the ACK bit. This is not
    recommended behavior since there is no point in keeping the CEC bus busy
    for longer than is strictly needed. Especially given how slow the bus is.

    This setting can be used to test how well a receiver deals with
    transmitters that ignore NACKs until the very end of the message.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-no-eom``
    Don't set the EOM bit. Normally the last byte of the message has the EOM
    (End-Of-Message) bit set. With this command the transmit will just stop
    without ever sending an EOM. This can be used to test how a receiver
    handles this case. Normally receivers have a time-out after which
    they will go back to the Idle state.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-early-eom``
    Set the EOM bit one byte too soon. This obviously only works for messages
    of two bytes or more. The EOM bit will be set for the second-to-last byte
    and not for the final byte. The receiver should ignore the last byte in
    this case. Since the resulting message is likely to be too short for this
    same reason the whole message is typically ignored. The receiver should be
    in Idle state after the last byte was transmitted.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-add-bytes <num>``
    Append ``<num>`` (1-255) spurious bytes to the message. The extra bytes
    have the value of the byte position in the message. So if you transmit a
    two byte message (e.g. a Get CEC Version message) and add 2 bytes, then
    the full message received by the remote CEC adapter is
    ``0x40 0x9f 0x02 0x03``.

    This command can be used to test buffer overflows in the receiver. E.g.
    what does it do when it receives more than the maximum message size of 16
    bytes.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-remove-byte``
    Drop the last byte from the message, provided the message is at least
    two bytes long. The receiver should ignore messages that are too short.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-short-bit <bit>``
    Make this bit period shorter than allowed. The bit position cannot be
    an Ack bit.  If <op> specifies a specific CEC opcode then the bit position
    must be at least 18, otherwise the opcode hasn't been received yet.
    Normally the period of a data bit is between 2.05 and 2.75 milliseconds.
    With this command the period of this bit is 1.8 milliseconds, this is
    done by reducing the time the CEC bus is high. This bit period is less
    than is allowed and the receiver should respond with a Low Drive
    condition.

    This command is ignored for 0 bits in bit positions 0 to 3. This is
    because the receiver also looks for an Arbitration Lost condition in
    those first four bits and it is undefined what will happen if it
    sees a too-short 0 bit.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-long-bit <bit>``
    Make this bit period longer than is valid. The bit position cannot be
    an Ack bit.  If <op> specifies a specific CEC opcode then the bit position
    must be at least 18, otherwise the opcode hasn't been received yet.
    Normally the period of a data bit is between 2.05 and 2.75 milliseconds.
    With this command the period of this bit is 2.9 milliseconds, this is
    done by increasing the time the CEC bus is high.

    Even though this bit period is longer than is valid it is undefined what
    a receiver will do. It might just accept it, or it might time out and
    return to Idle state. Unfortunately the CEC specification is silent about
    this.

    This command is ignored for 0 bits in bit positions 0 to 3. This is
    because the receiver also looks for an Arbitration Lost condition in
    those first four bits and it is undefined what will happen if it
    sees a too-long 0 bit.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-short-start``
    Make this start bit period shorter than allowed. Normally the period of
    a start bit is between 4.3 and 4.7 milliseconds. With this command the
    period of the start bit is 4.1 milliseconds, this is done by reducing
    the time the CEC bus is high. This start bit period is less than is
    allowed and the receiver should return to Idle state when this is detected.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-long-start``
    Make this start bit period longer than is valid. Normally the period of
    a start bit is between 4.3 and 4.7 milliseconds. With this command the
    period of the start bit is 5 milliseconds, this is done by increasing
    the time the CEC bus is high. This start bit period is more than is
    valid and the receiver should return to Idle state when this is detected.

    Even though this start bit period is longer than is valid it is undefined
    what a receiver will do. It might just accept it, or it might time out and
    return to Idle state. Unfortunately the CEC specification is silent about
    this.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-last-bit <bit>``
    Just stop transmitting after this bit.  If <op> specifies a specific CEC
    opcode then the bit position must be at least 18, otherwise the opcode
    hasn't been received yet. This command can be used to test how the receiver
    reacts when a message just suddenly stops. It should time out and go back
    to Idle state.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-low-drive <bit>``
    Force a Low Drive condition at this bit position. If <op> specifies a
    specific CEC opcode then the bit position must be at least 18, otherwise
    the opcode hasn't been received yet. This can be used to test how the
    receiver handles Low Drive conditions. Note that if this happens at bit
    positions 0-3 the receiver can interpret this as an Arbitration Lost
    condition. This is implementation dependent.

Custom Pulses
-------------

``tx-custom-low-usecs <usecs>``
    This defines the duration in microseconds that the custom pulse pulls
    the CEC line low. The default is 1000 microseconds.

``tx-custom-high-usecs <usecs>``
    This defines the duration in microseconds that the custom pulse keeps the
    CEC line high (unless another CEC adapter pulls it low in that time).
    The default is 1000 microseconds. The total period of the custom pulse is
    ``tx-custom-low-usecs + tx-custom-high-usecs``.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-custom-bit <bit>``
    Send the custom bit instead of a regular data bit. The bit position cannot
    be an Ack bit.  If <op> specifies a specific CEC opcode then the bit
    position must be at least 18, otherwise the opcode hasn't been received yet.

``<op>[,<mode>] tx-custom-start``
    Send the custom bit instead of a regular start bit.

``tx-custom-pulse``
    Transmit a single custom pulse as soon as the CEC bus is idle.

Glitch Pulses
-------------

This emulates what happens if the signal on the CEC line is seeing spurious
pulses. Typically this happens after the falling or rising edge where there
is a short voltage fluctuation that, if the CEC hardware doesn't do
deglitching, can be seen as a spurious pulse and can cause a Low Drive
condition or corrupt data.

``tx-glitch-low-usecs <usecs>``
    This defines the duration in microseconds that the glitch pulse pulls
    the CEC line low. The default is 1 microsecond. The range is 0-100
    microseconds. If 0, then no glitch pulse will be generated.

``tx-glitch-high-usecs <usecs>``
    This defines the duration in microseconds that the glitch pulse keeps the
    CEC line high (unless another CEC adapter pulls it low in that time).
    The default is 1 microseconds. The range is 0-100 microseconds. If 0, then
    no glitch pulse will be generated.The total period of the glitch pulse is
    ``tx-custom-low-usecs + tx-custom-high-usecs``.

``tx-glitch-falling-edge``
    Send the glitch pulse right after the falling edge.

``tx-glitch-rising-edge``
    Send the glitch pulse right after the rising edge.
